Tsogolo lotetezeka la zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyurethane

Pa 4 Ogasiti 2020, lamulo latsopano la REACH linavomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu aku Europe, pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda a kupuma ndi khungu omwe angayambitsidwe ndi matenda a diisocyanates.

2 Disembala 2021

 Ma polyurethaneMalamulo

Kafukufuku watsopano cholinga chake ndi kupanga njira zoyesera zoyezera permeabilityImage source: quimono - Pixabay (chithunzi cha chizindikiro).

REACH (Kulembetsa, Kuwunika, Kuvomereza ndi Kuletsa Mankhwala) ndi lamulo la European Union, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti liwongolere chitetezo cha thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe ku zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mankhwala, pomwe likuwonjezera mpikisano wa makampani opanga mankhwala a EU.

Magulu ndi zomatira za polyurethane (PU) ndi otetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinthu zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga magalimoto, mipando, zomangamanga, ndi ma phukusi. Kupanga ma polyurethane kumafuna ma diisocyanates onunkhira kapena aliphatic. Izi ndi zotetezeka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira njira zodzitetezera zomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Mu njira yopangira PU, ma diisocyanates, omwe amakumana ndi ma polyol, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kotero kuti sapezeka muzinthu zomalizidwa za polyurethane. Kuletsa kumeneku sikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma guluu ndi zomatira za polyurethane, koma kumakhazikitsa zofunikira zophunzitsira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito motetezeka. Chifukwa chake, ma guluu ndi zomatira za PU zidzapitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo m'magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo popeza palibe ukadaulo wina womwe ungapangitse zinthu zokhala ndi zinthu zonse zomwe PU ili nazo.

Lamulo la REACH EC/1907/2006 likunena za kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komanso momwe angakhudzire thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Lamulo la pa 4 Ogasiti 2020 motsatira REACH limafotokoza kufunika kophunzitsa ndi kulemba zilembo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma diisocyanates m'mafakitale kapena akatswiri (payekha kapena mosakanikirana) omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa monomeric kopitilira 0.1% polemera. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito pa ntchito iliyonse yomwe ingayambitse kukhudzana ndi ma diisocyanates. Silikugwira ntchito pa zinthu za PU zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito. Lamulo lina lokhudzana ndi zinthu za ogula lakhazikitsidwa kale.

Zofunikira pa maphunziro ofunikira

Ogwiritsa ntchito ma diisocyanate akatswiri ndi mafakitale adzakhala ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti maphunziro awo ndi antchito awo atsirizidwa. Oyang'anira nawonso adzafunika maphunziro. Ngakhale ogulitsa ali ndi udindo wodziwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito za kufunika kwa maphunzirowo, iwo alibe udindo wophunzitsa ogwira ntchito. Palibe chitsimikizo chochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwa ogulitsa chokhudza kulandira chidziwitsocho chomwe chikufunika. Ogawa ayenera kuuza makasitomala awo zambiri zomwe alandira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa.

Maphunziro ndi satifiketi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupasa mayeso, ziyenera kukhala zitamalizidwa pofika pa 24 Ogasiti 2023. Zolemba za maphunziro operekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ziyenera kusungidwa ndi olemba ntchito. Zaka zisanu zilizonse, kukonzanso maphunzirowo kudzafunika. Pali magawo atatu a maphunziro ogwirizana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a chiopsezo. Chifukwa chake, zomwe munthu aliyense amafunikira pa maphunziro ake zidzadalira kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo chomwe akukumana nacho.

Nsanja yatsopano yophunzitsira ya PU

FEICA, mogwirizana ndi European Diisocyanate & Polyol Producers Association (ISOPA), European Aliphatic Isocyanates Producer Association (ALIPA), ndi mafakitale ena angapo mumakampani opanga polyurethane, yakhala ikugwira ntchito molimbika kukonza pulogalamu yophunzitsira yonse kuti iwonetsetse kuti ma diisocyanates akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito akatswiri ku Europe konse. Mwanjira imeneyi, FEICA ikuwonetsetsanso kuti ogwiritsa ntchito onse a PU okhala ndi zomatira ndi zomatira ku Europe akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito mosamala ndi ma diisocyanates. Nsanja yophunzitsira idayambitsidwa mu Chingerezi mu Novembala 2021. Kuyambira pa 1 Disembala idzakhala ikupezeka mu Chijeremani.

Nsanjayi ipezeka ku EU konse, ndipo zipangizo zonse zophunzitsira zidzapezekanso m'zilankhulo zonse za EU pofika pakati pa chaka cha 2022. Chiphaso cha maphunziro aulere kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito zomatira ndi zomatira za PU zaku Europe chikupezeka pa www.feica.eu. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zophunzitsira zidzapezeka pa maphunziro a mkalasi payekha.

Udindo Wolemba Zolemba

Kuyambira pa 24 February 2022, chiganizo/lebulo liyenera kuwonekera pa zinthu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale kapena pantchito zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa monomeric kopitilira 0.1% polemera. Chiganizocho chikhoza kuwerengedwa kuti: “Kuyambira pa 24 Ogasiti 2023, maphunziro okwanira amafunika musanagwiritse ntchito izi m'mafakitale kapena pantchito.” Lamulo la REACH la pa 4 Ogasiti 2020 silipereka zambiri zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi zomwe zili m'lebulo (monga kukula, malo, kapena chilankhulo). Tikulimbikitsa kwambiri magulu onse okhudzidwa kuti ayambe kupanga njira zolembera mwachangu momwe angathere ndikuyang'ana tsamba la FEICA nthawi zonse kuti apeze zosintha.