Mercury vapor, light-emitting diode (LED), ndi excimer ndi njira zamakono zochizira nyale za UV. Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana za photopolymerization kuti zigwirizane ndi inki, zokutira, zomatira, ndi zowonjezera, njira zomwe zimapanga mphamvu ya UV yowunikira, komanso mawonekedwe a spectral output yofanana, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikothandiza kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga mapangidwe, kusankha magwero ochiritsa a UV, ndi kuphatikiza.
Nyali za Mercury Vapor
Nyali zonse za electrode arc ndi nyali za ma electrode-less microwave zimagwera m'gulu la mercury vapor. Nyali zamtundu wa Mercury ndi mtundu wa nyali zapakati-pakatikati, zotulutsa mpweya momwe kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka mercury ndi gasi wa inert amasinthidwa kukhala plasma mkati mwa chubu chosindikizidwa cha quartz. Plasma ndi gasi wa ionized wotentha kwambiri yemwe amatha kuyendetsa magetsi. Amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri mkati mwa nyali ya arc kapena powavetsa nyali yopanda maelekitirodi mkati mwa mpanda kapena pabowo lofanana ndi ng'anjo yapanyumba ya microwave. Ikatenthedwa, plasma ya mercury imatulutsa kuwala kowoneka bwino kudutsa ma ultraviolet, owoneka, ndi mafunde a infrared.
Pankhani ya nyali yamagetsi yamagetsi, magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito amapatsa mphamvu chubu cha quartz chosindikizidwa. Mphamvu imeneyi imaphwetsa mercury kukhala madzi a m'magazi ndi kutulutsa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku maatomu a vaporized. Gawo la ma elekitironi (-) limayenda molunjika ku ma elekitirodi abwino a nyali kapena anode (+) ndi kulowa mumayendedwe amagetsi amtundu wa UV. Ma atomu okhala ndi ma elekitironi omwe akusowa kumene amakhala ma cations opatsa mphamvu (+) omwe amayenderera kumagetsi a tungsten kapena cathode (-). Pamene akuyenda, ma cations amagunda maatomu osalowererapo mu kusakaniza kwa gasi. Mphamvu imasamutsa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku maatomu osalowerera kupita ku ma cation. Pamene ma cation amapeza ma elekitironi, amagwera mumkhalidwe wochepa mphamvu. Kusiyana kwa mphamvu kumatulutsidwa ngati ma photon omwe amawonekera kunja kuchokera ku chubu cha quartz. Malingana ngati nyaliyo ili ndi mphamvu yoyenerera, yoziziritsidwa bwino, ndikugwira ntchito mkati mwa moyo wake wothandiza, ma cations omwe angopangidwa kumene (+) amakokera ku electrode kapena cathode (-), kugunda maatomu ambiri ndikutulutsa kosalekeza kwa kuwala kwa UV. Nyali za microwave zimagwiranso ntchito mofananamo kupatula kuti ma microwave, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma radio frequency (RF), amalowetsa magetsi. Popeza nyali za microwave zilibe ma elekitirodi a tungsten ndipo ndi chubu cha quartz chosindikizidwa chomwe chili ndi mercury ndi gasi wa inert, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa electrodeless.
Kutulutsa kwa UV kwa burodibandi kapena nyale za mercury vapor zotambalala zimadutsa mafunde a ultraviolet, owoneka, ndi ma infrared, molingana ndi gawo lofanana. Gawo la ultraviolet limaphatikizapo kusakaniza kwa UVC (200 mpaka 280 nm), UVB (280 mpaka 315 nm), UVA (315 mpaka 400 nm), ndi UVV (400 mpaka 450 nm) wavelengths. Nyali zomwe zimatulutsa UVC mu kutalika kwa mafunde pansi pa 240 nm zimapanga ozone ndipo zimafuna utsi kapena kusefera.
Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa nyali ya mercury vapor kungasinthidwe powonjezera ma dopants ochepa, monga: iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), kapena indium (Indium (Indium) ). Zitsulo zowonjezera zimasintha mapangidwe a plasma ndipo, motero, mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa pamene ma cations amapeza ma electron. Nyali zokhala ndi zitsulo zowonjezera zimatchedwa doped, additive, ndi metal halide. Inki zambiri zopangidwa ndi UV, zokutira, zomatira, ndi zowonjezera zidapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kutulutsa kwa nyali zamtundu wa mercury- (Hg) kapena iron- (Fe). Nyali za iron-doped zimasuntha gawo la UV kuti likhale lalitali, pafupi ndi mafunde owoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu alowe bwino kudzera mumitundu yokhuthala, yokhala ndi pigment kwambiri. Mafuta a UV omwe ali ndi titaniyamu woipa amatha kuchiritsa bwino ndi nyali za gallium (GA). Izi ndichifukwa choti nyali za gallium zimasuntha gawo lalikulu la zotulutsa za UV kupita kumtunda wautali kuposa 380 nm. Popeza kuti zowonjezera za titaniyamu sizimamwa kuwala kopitilira 380 nm, kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za gallium zokhala ndi zoyera kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zambiri za UV zilowedwe ndi ma photoinitiators kusiyana ndi zowonjezera.
Mawonekedwe a Spectral amapereka opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omaliza chithunzithunzi cha momwe ma radiation amapangidwira pamapangidwe apadera a nyali amagawidwira pamtundu wa electromagnetic spectrum. Ngakhale vaporized mercury ndi zitsulo zowonjezera zimatanthawuza mawonekedwe a radiation, kusakanikirana kolondola kwa zinthu ndi mpweya wa inert mkati mwa chubu cha quartz pamodzi ndi mapangidwe a nyali ndi machiritso a machitidwe onse amakhudza kutulutsa kwa UV. Kutulutsa kowoneka bwino kwa nyali yosagwirizana ndi nyali yomwe imayendetsedwa ndikuyezedwa ndi wopereka nyali pamalo otseguka kudzakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kuposa nyali yomwe imayikidwa mkati mwa mutu wa nyali wokhala ndi chowunikira komanso kuziziritsa koyenera. Mawonekedwe a Spectral amapezeka mosavuta kuchokera kwa opanga makina a UV, ndipo ndi othandiza pakupanga mapangidwe ndi kusankha nyali.
Mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amapangira kuwala kowoneka bwino pa y-axis ndi kutalika kwa mafunde pa x-axis. Kuwala kowoneka bwino kumatha kuwonetsedwa m'njira zingapo kuphatikiza mtengo wokwanira (monga W/cm2/nm) kapena miyeso yokhazikika, wachibale, kapena yokhazikika (yochepa). Ma profil nthawi zambiri amawonetsa chidziwitsocho ngati tchati chamzere kapena ngati tchati cha bar chomwe chimagawika m'magulu 10 nm. Chithunzi chotsatira cha mercury arc lamp spectral chikuwonetsa kusayanjanitsika potengera kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a machitidwe a GEW (Chithunzi 1).
CHITHUNZI 1 »Ma chart a Spectral output a mercury ndi iron.
Nyali ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza chubu cha UV-emitting quartz ku Europe ndi Asia, pomwe anthu aku North ndi South America amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kosinthika kwa babu ndi nyali. Nyali ndi mutu wa nyali zonse zimatanthawuza msonkhano wathunthu womwe umakhala ndi chubu cha quartz ndi zida zina zonse zamakina ndi zamagetsi.
Electrode Arc Nyali
Machitidwe a nyali a electrode arc amakhala ndi mutu wa nyali, chowotcha chozizira kapena chiller, magetsi, ndi mawonekedwe a makina a anthu (HMI). Mutu wa nyali umaphatikizapo nyali (babu), chowunikira, chotengera chachitsulo kapena nyumba, chotsekera, ndipo nthawi zina zenera la quartz kapena woteteza waya. GEW imayika machubu ake a quartz, zowunikira, ndi zotsekera mkati mwamakaseti omwe amatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta kuchokera pabokosi lakunja lamutu kapena nyumba. Kuchotsa kaseti ya GEW kumatheka mkati mwa masekondi pogwiritsa ntchito wrench imodzi ya Allen. Chifukwa kutulutsa kwa UV, kukula kwa mutu wa nyali ndi mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe a makina, ndi zosowa za zida zothandizira zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso msika, makina amagetsi a electrode arc nthawi zambiri amapangidwira gulu lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena mitundu yofananira yama makina.
Nyali za Mercury zimatulutsa kuwala kwa 360 ° kuchokera ku chubu cha quartz. Machitidwe a nyali a Arc amagwiritsa ntchito zowunikira zomwe zili m'mbali ndi kumbuyo kwa nyali kuti zigwire ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuwala kwa mtunda wodziwika kutsogolo kwa mutu wa nyali. Mtunda umenewu umadziwika kuti cholinga ndipo ndi pamene kuwala kumakhala kwakukulu. Nyali za Arc nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa 5 mpaka 12 W/cm2 poyang'ana. Popeza pafupifupi 70% ya kuwala kwa UV kuchokera kumutu kwa nyali kumachokera ku chowunikira, ndikofunikira kuti zowunikira zikhale zoyera ndikuzisintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Kusayeretsa kapena kusintha zounikira ndizomwe zimayambitsa kusakwanira kwa machiritso.
Kwa zaka zopitirira 30, GEW yakhala ikuwongolera luso la machitidwe ake ochiritsa, kusintha mawonekedwe ndi zotulukapo kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa za ntchito yeniyeni ndi misika, ndikukonza malo akuluakulu a zowonjezera zowonjezera. Zotsatira zake, malonda amasiku ano ochokera ku GEW amaphatikiza mamangidwe anyumba ophatikizika, zowunikira zowoneka bwino za kuwala kwa UV ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa infrared, masiketi otsekeka abata, masiketi a ukonde ndi mipata, kudyetsa ma clam-shell web, kulowetsa nayitrojeni, mitu yopanikizidwa bwino, skrini yogwira. mawonekedwe a opareshoni, magetsi amtundu wokhazikika, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, kuyang'anira kutulutsa kwa UV, ndikuwunika kwakutali.
Pamene nyali za electrode zapakatikati zikuyenda, kutentha kwa quartz kumakhala pakati pa 600 °C ndi 800 °C, ndipo kutentha kwa plasma mkati kumakhala madigiri centigrade zikwi zingapo. Mpweya wokakamizidwa ndiyo njira yoyamba yosungira kutentha koyenera kwa nyali ndikuchotsa mphamvu zina za infrared. GEW imapereka mpweya uwu molakwika; Izi zikutanthawuza kuti mpweya umakokedwa kupyolera muzitsulo, pambali pa chowunikira ndi nyali, ndikutha msonkhanowo ndi kutali ndi makina kapena mankhwala. Makina ena a GEW monga E4C amagwiritsa ntchito kuzirala kwamadzimadzi, komwe kumathandizira kutulutsa kwa UV kokulirapo ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa mutu wonse wa nyali.
Nyali za Electrode arc zimakhala ndi kutentha komanso kuzizira. Nyali zimayatsidwa ndi kuzizira kochepa. Izi zimalola plasma ya mercury kukwera ku kutentha komwe kumafunikira, kupanga ma elekitironi aulere ndi ma cations, ndikupangitsa kuyenda kwapano. Mutu wa nyali ukazimitsidwa, kuziziritsa kumapitilirabe kwa mphindi zingapo kuti muzitha kuziziritsa chubu cha quartz. Nyali yotentha kwambiri sidzayakanso ndipo iyenera kupitiriza kuzizira. Kutalika kwa nthawi yoyambira ndi kuzizira, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma elekitirodi panthawi iliyonse yamagetsi ndi chifukwa chake makina otsekemera a pneumatic nthawi zonse amaphatikizidwa mumagulu a nyali a GEW electrode arc. Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa nyali zoziziritsa kukhosi (E2C) ndi madzi-utakhazikika (E4C) arc arc.
CHITHUNZI 2 »Zamadzimadzi-utakhazikika (E4C) ndi mpweya utakhazikika (E2C) ma elekitirodi arc nyali.
Nyali za UV za LED
Semi-conductors ndi zinthu zolimba, za crystalline zomwe zimakhala zochititsa chidwi. Magetsi amayenda kudzera mu semi-conductor bwino kuposa insulator, koma osati monga kondakitala wazitsulo. Zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe koma zosagwirizana ndi semi-conductors zimaphatikizapo zinthu za silicon, germanium, ndi selenium. Ma semi-conductors opangidwa mwaluso opangidwa kuti azitulutsa komanso kuchita bwino ndi zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimakhala ndi zonyansa zomwe zimayikidwa mkati mwa kristalo. Pankhani ya ma LED a UV, aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ma semi-conductors ndi ofunika kwambiri pamagetsi amakono ndipo amapangidwa kuti apange ma transistors, ma diode, ma diode otulutsa kuwala, ndi ma processor ang'onoang'ono. Zipangizo za semi-conductor zimaphatikizidwa mumayendedwe amagetsi ndikuyikidwa mkati mwazinthu monga mafoni am'manja, ma laputopu, mapiritsi, zida, ndege, magalimoto, zowongolera kutali, komanso zoseweretsa zaana. Tizigawo zing'onozing'ono koma zamphamvu izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zizigwira ntchito pomwe zimalola kuti zinthu zikhale zocheperako, zowonda, zopepuka komanso zotsika mtengo.
Pankhani yapadera ya ma LED, zida zopangidwira bwino komanso zopangidwa ndi semi-conductor zimatulutsa kuwala kocheperako zikalumikizidwa ndi gwero lamagetsi la DC. Kuwala kumapangidwa kokha pamene panopa ikuyenda kuchokera ku anode yabwino (+) kupita ku cathode yoipa (-) ya LED iliyonse. Popeza kutulutsa kwa LED kumayendetsedwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta komanso quasi-monochromatic, ma LED ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati: magetsi owonetsa; ma infrared communication zizindikiro; kuyatsanso kwa ma TV, ma laputopu, mapiritsi, ndi mafoni anzeru; zizindikiro zamagetsi, zikwangwani, ndi jumbotron; ndi UV kuchiritsa.
LED ndi mphambano yabwino-negative (pn junction). Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo limodzi la LED liri ndi malipiro abwino ndipo limatchedwa anode (+), ndipo gawo lina liri ndi malipiro olakwika ndipo limatchedwa cathode (-). Ngakhale kuti mbali zonse ziwiri zimakhala zoyendetsa bwino, malire a mphambano omwe mbali ziwirizo zimakumana, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zone yochepetsera, sizimayendera. Pamene choyimira chabwino (+) cha gwero lamagetsi lachindunji (DC) chilumikizidwa ndi anode (+) ya LED, ndipo cholumikizira (-) cha gwerocho chimalumikizidwa ndi cathode (-), ma elekitironi oyipa. mu cathode ndi ma elekitironi opangidwa bwino mu anode amathamangitsidwa ndi gwero la mphamvu ndikukankhira kudera lakutha. Uku ndikokondera kutsogolo, ndipo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zogonjetsa malire osayendetsa. Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti ma elekitironi aulere m'chigawo cha n-mtundu amawoloka ndikudzaza malo omwe ali m'chigawo cha p. Pamene ma electron amayenda kudutsa malirewo, amasintha kukhala mphamvu yochepa. Kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kumatulutsidwa kuchokera ku semi-conductor ngati ma photon a kuwala.
Zida ndi ma dopants omwe amapanga mawonekedwe a crystalline LED amasankha kutulutsa kowoneka bwino. Masiku ano, magwero ochiritsira a LED omwe amapezeka pamalonda ali ndi zotulutsa za ultraviolet zokhazikika pa 365, 385, 395, ndi 405 nm, kulolerana kwa ± 5 nm, komanso kugawa kwa Gaussian. Kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri (W/cm2/nm), kumapangitsanso nsonga ya nsonga ya belu. Pomwe chitukuko cha UVC chikupitilira pakati pa 275 ndi 285 nm, zotulutsa, moyo, kudalirika, ndi mtengo sizikuyenda bwino pamalonda pochiritsa machitidwe ndi ntchito.
Popeza kutulutsa kwa UV-LED pakadali pano kumangokhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde a UVA, makina ochiritsa a UV-LED satulutsa mawonekedwe a Broadband spectral a nyali zapakatikati za mercury vapor. Izi zikutanthauza kuti machiritso a UV-LED satulutsa UVC, UVB, kuwala kowoneka bwino, komanso kutentha komwe kumatulutsa mafunde a infrared. Ngakhale izi zimathandizira makina ochiritsa a UV-LED kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pothana ndi kutentha kwambiri, inki zomwe zilipo, zokutira, ndi zomatira zomwe zimapangidwira nyali zapakatikati za mercury ziyenera kusinthidwanso kuti zitheke kuchiritsa ma UV-LED. Mwamwayi, othandizira chemistry akupanga zoperekera ngati machiritso apawiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupangidwa kwa machiritso awiri omwe akufuna kuchiritsa ndi nyali ya UV-LED kuchiritsanso ndi nyali ya mercury vapor (Chithunzi 3).
CHITHUNZI 3 »Kutulutsa kwa Spectral kwa LED.
Makina ochiritsa a GEW a UV-LED amatulutsa mpaka 30 W/cm2 pawindo lotulutsa. Mosiyana ndi nyali za electrode arc, makina ochiritsira a UV-LED saphatikiza zowunikira zomwe zimawongolera kuwala kowunikira. Zotsatira zake, kuwala kwa UV-LED kumapezeka pafupi ndi zenera lotulutsa. Miyezi ya UV-LED yotulutsidwa imasiyana wina ndi mzake pamene mtunda pakati pa mutu wa nyali ndi malo ochiritsira ukuwonjezeka. Izi zimachepetsa ndende ya kuwala ndi kukula kwa kuwala komwe kumafika pamtunda wochiritsa. Ngakhale kuwala kwapamwamba ndikofunikira pakuwoloka, kuwunikira kowonjezereka sikumakhala kopindulitsa nthawi zonse ndipo kumatha kulepheretsa kuchulukirachulukira kolumikizana. Kutalika kwa mafunde (nm), kuwala (W/cm2) ndi kachulukidwe kamphamvu (J/cm2) zonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchiritsa, ndipo kukhudzidwa kwawo kwamankhwala kumamveka bwino pakusankha magwero a UV-LED.
Ma LED ndi magwero a Lambertian. Mwanjira ina, LED iliyonse ya UV imatulutsa kutulutsa kofananira kutsogolo kudutsa 360 ° x 180 ° hemisphere yonse. Ma LED ambiri a UV, iliyonse motengera masikweya mamilimita, amasanjidwa mumzere umodzi, mizere ya mizere ndi zipilala, kapena masinthidwe ena. Ma subassemblies awa, omwe amadziwika kuti ma modules kapena ma arrays, amapangidwa ndi mipata pakati pa ma LED omwe amatsimikizira kusakanikirana kwa mipata ndikuthandizira kuziziritsa kwa diode. Ma module angapo kapena magulu angapo amakonzedwa m'magulu akuluakulu kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machiritso a UV (Zithunzi 4 ndi 5). Zina zowonjezera zomwe zimafunikira popanga makina ochiritsira a UV-LED ndi monga kuzama kwa kutentha, zenera lotulutsa, madalaivala amagetsi, magetsi a DC, makina oziziritsa amadzimadzi kapena chiller, ndi mawonekedwe a makina amunthu (HMI).
CHITHUNZI 4 »Njira ya LeoLED pa intaneti.
CHITHUNZI 5 »Dongosolo la LeoLED loyikira ma nyali othamanga kwambiri.
Popeza machiritso a UV-LED samatulutsa mafunde a infrared. Mwachibadwa amasamutsa mphamvu zochepa zotenthetsera pamalo ochizira kuposa nyali za mercury vapor, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ma LED a UV ayenera kuwonedwa ngati ukadaulo wochiritsa kuzizira. Njira zochiritsira za UV-LED zimatha kutulutsa zowunikira zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mafunde a ultraviolet ndi mtundu wina wa mphamvu. Chilichonse chomwe sichimatengedwa ndi chemistry chimatenthetsa gawo lamkati kapena gawo lapansi komanso zida zozungulira zamakina.
Ma LED a UV amakhalanso ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi zofooka zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi makina opangira ma semi-conductor komanso njira zopangira ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika ma LED mugawo lalikulu lochiritsa. Ngakhale kutentha kwa chubu cha quartz cha mercury vapor kuyenera kusungidwa pakati pa 600 ndi 800 ° C panthawi yogwira ntchito, kutentha kwa pn makulidwe a LED kuyenera kukhala pansi pa 120 ° C. 35-50% yokha ya magetsi omwe amayendetsa gulu la UV-LED amasinthidwa kukhala ultraviolet (kutengera kutalika kwa mafunde). Zina zonse zimasinthidwa kukhala kutentha kwamafuta komwe kumayenera kuchotsedwa kuti asunge kutentha komwe akufunidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali kuwala kwadongosolo, kachulukidwe kamphamvu, kufanana, komanso moyo wautali. Ma LED ndi zida zokhazikika zanthawi yayitali, ndipo kuphatikiza ma LED m'magulu akuluakulu okhala ndi machitidwe ozizirira opangidwa bwino komanso osamalidwa ndikofunikira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za moyo wautali. Sikuti makina onse ochiritsa a UV omwe ali ofanana, ndipo makina ochiritsira opangidwa molakwika komanso oziziritsidwa a UV-LED amakhala ndi mwayi wotentha kwambiri komanso kulephera mowopsa.
Arc / LED Hybrid Nyali
Pamsika uliwonse pomwe ukadaulo watsopano umayambitsidwa m'malo mwaukadaulo womwe ulipo, pangakhale mantha okhudzana ndi kutengera komanso kukayikira za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amachedwetsa kutengera ana awo mpaka mafomu okhazikitsira okhazikitsidwa bwino, kafukufuku wamilandu atasindikizidwa, maumboni abwino amayamba kufalikira mochuluka, ndipo/kapena amapeza zodziwikiratu kapena maumboni kuchokera kwa anthu ndi makampani omwe amawadziwa ndikuwakhulupirira. Umboni wovuta nthawi zambiri umafunika msika wonse usanatheretu zakale ndikusintha kwathunthu ku zatsopano. Sizothandiza kuti nkhani zopambana zimakonda kukhala zinsinsi zolimba chifukwa otengera oyambirira safuna kuti omwe akupikisana nawo apeze phindu lofanana. Zotsatira zake, nthano zenizeni komanso zokokomeza zokhumudwitsa nthawi zina zimatha kubwerezedwanso mumsika wonse ndikubisa zowona zaukadaulo watsopano ndikuchedwetsa kutengera ana.
M'mbiri yonse, komanso monga chotsutsana ndi kutengera kwa ana monyinyirika, mapangidwe osakanizidwa nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa ngati mlatho wosinthika pakati pa ukadaulo watsopano ndi ukadaulo watsopano. Zophatikiza zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi chidaliro ndikudziwonera okha momwe zinthu zatsopano kapena njira zatsopano ziyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso nthawi, osataya mphamvu zomwe zilipo. Pankhani yakuchiritsa kwa UV, makina osakanizidwa amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusinthana mwachangu komanso mosavuta pakati pa nyali za mercury vapor ndiukadaulo wa LED. Pa mizere yokhala ndi machiritso angapo, ma hybrids amalola makina osindikizira kuti aziyendetsa 100% LED, 100% mercury vapor, kapena kusakaniza kulikonse kwa matekinoloje awiriwa kumafunika pa ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa.
GEW imapereka makina osakanizidwa a arc/LED a otembenuza masamba. Yankho lake linapangidwira msika waukulu kwambiri wa GEW, chizindikiro chapaintaneti, koma kapangidwe ka haibriditi kamagwiritsanso ntchito pa intaneti ndi zina zosagwiritsa ntchito intaneti (Chithunzi 6). Arc/LED imaphatikizanso mutu wa nyali wamba womwe ungathe kukhala ndi mpweya wa mercury kapena makaseti a LED. Makaseti onsewa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zowongolera. Luntha mkati mwadongosolo limathandizira kusiyanitsa mitundu ya makaseti ndikungopereka mphamvu yoyenera, kuziziritsa, ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito. Kuchotsa kapena kuyika imodzi ya GEW's mercury vapor kapena makaseti a LED kumatheka mkati mwa masekondi pogwiritsa ntchito wrench imodzi ya Allen.
CHITHUNZI 6 »Arc/LED system pa intaneti.
Nyali za Excimer
Nyali za Excimer ndi mtundu wa nyali zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zimatulutsa mphamvu ya quasi-monochromatic ultraviolet. Ngakhale nyali za excimer zimapezeka mumayendedwe angapo, zotulutsa zamtundu wa ultraviolet zimakhazikika pa 172, 222, 308, ndi 351 nm. 172-nm excimer nyali zimagwera mkati mwa vacuum UV band (100 mpaka 200 nm), pomwe 222 nm ndi UVC yokha (200 mpaka 280 nm). Nyali za 308-nm excimer zimatulutsa UVB (280 mpaka 315 nm), ndipo 351 nm ndi UVA yolimba (315 mpaka 400 nm).
172-nm vacuum UV wavelengths ndi aifupi ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa UVC; komabe, amavutika kuloŵa mozama kwambiri mu zinthu. M'malo mwake, mafunde a 172-nm amalowetsedwa mkati mwa 10 mpaka 200 nm ya chemistry yopangidwa ndi UV. Zotsatira zake, nyale za 172-nm excimer zimangodutsa kunja kwa mawonekedwe a UV ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zida zina zochiritsa. Popeza mafunde a vacuum UV amayamwanso ndi mpweya, nyale zotulutsa 172-nm ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mumlengalenga wolowera nayitrogeni.
Nyali zambiri za excimer zimakhala ndi chubu cha quartz chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga cha dielectric. Chubuchi chimakhala ndi mpweya wosowa womwe ungathe kupanga ma molekyulu a excimer kapena exciplex (Chithunzi 7). Mipweya yosiyana imapanga mamolekyu osiyanasiyana, ndipo mamolekyu osiyanasiyana okondwa amazindikira kuti ndi mafunde ati omwe amapangidwa ndi nyali. Elekitirodi yothamanga kwambiri imayenda mkati mwa chubu cha quartz, ndipo maelekitirodi apansi amayendera kutalika kwakunja. Ma Voltages amakokedwa mu nyali pama frequency apamwamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi aziyenda mkati mwa maelekitirodi amkati ndikutuluka kudutsa kusakaniza kwa gasi kupita ku maelekitirodi apansi akunja. Chochitika chasayansi ichi chimadziwika kuti dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Ma elekitironi akamayenda mugasi, amalumikizana ndi maatomu ndikupanga mitundu yamphamvu kapena ya ionized yomwe imatulutsa ma excimer kapena exciplex molecule. Mamolekyu a Excimer ndi exciplex amakhala ndi moyo waufupi modabwitsa, ndipo akawola kuchokera pamalo osangalatsa kupita kumtunda, mafotoni akugawa kwa quasi-monochromatic amatulutsidwa.
CHITHUNZI 7 »Excimer nyali
Mosiyana ndi nyali za mercury vapor, pamwamba pa chubu cha quartz cha nyali ya excimer sikutentha. Chotsatira chake, nyali zambiri za excimer zimayenda popanda kuzizira pang'ono. Nthawi zina, kuziziritsa kochepa kumafunika komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa matenthedwe a nyali, nyali zozimitsa zimayamba 'ON/WOZIMA' pompopompo ndipo sizifuna kutentha kapena kuzizira.
Pamene nyali za excimer zowala pa 172 nm zimaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi machitidwe onse a quasi-monochromatic UVA-LED-curing system ndi nyali zamtundu wa mercury vapor, zotsatira za matting pamwamba zimapangidwa. Nyali za UVA LED zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chemistry. Nyali za Quasi-monochromatic excimer kenaka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima pamwamba, ndipo pamapeto pake nyali za Broadband mercury zimadutsana ndi chemistry yonse. Zotulutsa zapadera zamakina atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyana zimapereka zotsatira zopindulitsa za kuwala komanso zogwira ntchito zomwe sizingachitike ndi magwero aliwonse a UV pawokha.
Mafunde a Excimer a 172 ndi 222 nm amathandizanso kuwononga zinthu zowopsa za organic ndi mabakiteriya owopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyali za excimer zikhale zothandiza pakuyeretsa pamwamba, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kuchiza mphamvu zapamtunda.
Moyo wa Nyali
Pankhani ya moyo wa nyali kapena babu, nyali za arc za GEW nthawi zambiri zimakhala maola 2,000. Moyo wa nyale siwokhazikika, chifukwa kutulutsa kwa UV kumachepa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi ndipo kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe ndi khalidwe la nyali, komanso momwe ntchito ya UV imagwirira ntchito komanso kubwezeretsanso kwazomwe zimapangidwira. Makina opangidwa bwino a UV amawonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yoyenera ndi kuziziritsa kofunikira ndi kapangidwe ka nyali (babu) kumaperekedwa.
Nyali zoperekedwa ndi GEW (mababu) nthawi zonse zimapereka moyo wautali kwambiri zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu machitidwe ochiritsa a GEW. Magwero achiwiri nthawi zambiri amasinthira nyali kuchokera ku zitsanzo, ndipo makopewo sangakhale ndi malekezero ofanana, quartz diameter, mercury content, kapena kusakaniza kwa gasi, zomwe zingakhudze kutulutsa kwa UV ndi kupanga kutentha. Pamene kutentha sikuli kofanana ndi kuzirala kwa dongosolo, nyaliyo imavutika ndi kutuluka ndi moyo. Nyali zomwe zimayenda mozizira zimatulutsa ma UV ochepa. Nyali zomwe zimatentha kwambiri sizikhala nthawi yayitali ndipo zimazungulira pakatentha kwambiri.
Moyo wa nyali za electrode arc umakhala wochepa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa nyali, kuchuluka kwa maola othamanga, ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimayambira kapena kugunda. Nthawi iliyonse nyali ikawomberedwa ndi arc yamphamvu kwambiri poyambira, kachigawo kakang'ono ka tungsten electrode kamatha. Pamapeto pake, nyaliyo sidzayakanso. Nyali za electrode arc zimaphatikizira njira zotsekera zomwe, zikakhala kuti zikugwira ntchito, zimatsekereza kutulutsa kwa UV ngati m'malo moyendetsa mphamvu ya nyali mobwerezabwereza. Inki, zokutira, ndi zomatira zochulukira zitha kupangitsa kuti nyale ikhale yotalikirapo; pamene, zochepa zotakataka formulations angafune zambiri kawirikawiri kusintha nyali.
Makina a UV-LED amakhala otalika kuposa nyali wamba, koma moyo wa UV-LED nawonso siwokwanira. Mofanana ndi nyali wamba, ma LED a UV ali ndi malire a momwe angayendetsere molimba ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenera kugwira ntchito ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 120 ° C. Ma LED oyendetsa mopitilira muyeso ndi ma LED osazizira kwambiri amatha kusokoneza moyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka mwachangu kapena kulephera koopsa. Si onse ogulitsa makina a UV-LED omwe ali pano omwe amapereka mapangidwe omwe amakwaniritsa moyo wawo wonse kuposa maola 20,000. Machitidwe opangidwa bwino ndi osungidwa adzakhala oposa maola a 20,000, ndipo machitidwe otsika adzalephera mkati mwa mawindo aafupi kwambiri. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti mapangidwe amagetsi a LED akupitilizabe kuwongolera komanso kukhala nthawi yayitali ndikusintha kulikonse.
Ozoni
Mafunde afupiafupi a UVC akakhudza mamolekyu a okosijeni (O2), amapangitsa kuti mamolekyu a okosijeni (O2) agawikane kukhala maatomu awiri a okosijeni (O). Ma atomu a okosijeni aulere (O) ndiye amawombana ndi mamolekyu ena a okosijeni (O2) ndikupanga ozone (O3). Popeza kuti trioxygen (O3) imakhala yosakhazikika pamtunda kusiyana ndi dioxygen (O2), ozoni imabwerera mosavuta ku molekyulu ya okosijeni (O2) ndi atomu ya oxygen (O) pamene imayenda mumlengalenga. Maatomu a okosijeni aulere (O) ndiye amalumikizananso mkati mwa makina otulutsa mpweya kuti apange mamolekyu okosijeni (O2).
Kwa mafakitale ochiritsa UV, ozone (O3) amapangidwa pamene mpweya wa mumlengalenga umalumikizana ndi mafunde a ultraviolet pansi pa 240 nm. Broadband mercury vapor-curing sources imatulutsa UVC pakati pa 200 ndi 280 nm, yomwe imadutsa gawo la chigawo chopanga ozoni, ndipo nyali za excimer zimatulutsa vacuum UV pa 172 nm kapena UVC pa 222 nm. Ozone yopangidwa ndi mercury vapor ndi excimer kuchiritsa nyale ndi yosakhazikika komanso yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri zachilengedwe, koma ndikofunikira kuti ichotsedwe kumadera omwe ali pafupi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito chifukwa ndi yopumira komanso yowopsa kwambiri. Popeza machitidwe ochiritsa a UV-LED amatulutsa zotulutsa za UVA pakati pa 365 ndi 405 nm, ozoni samapangidwa.
Ozoni ali ndi fungo lofanana ndi fungo lachitsulo, waya woyaka, klorini, ndi fungo lamagetsi. Mphamvu za kununkhiza kwa anthu zimatha kuzindikira ozoni yotsika ngati 0.01 mpaka 0.03 magawo pa miliyoni (ppm). Ngakhale zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika, kuyika kwakukulu kuposa 0.4 ppm kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa za kupuma ndi mutu. Mpweya wabwino uyenera kuikidwa pa mizere yochizira UV kuti achepetse ogwira ntchito ku ozoni.
Njira zochiritsira za UV nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira kuti zikhale ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamene umachoka pamitu ya nyali kotero kuti ukhoza kuchotsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi kunja kwa nyumbayo kumene amawola mwachibadwa pamaso pa mpweya ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kapenanso, nyali zopanda ozoni zimaphatikizira chowonjezera cha quartz chomwe chimatchinga mafunde otulutsa ozoni, ndi malo omwe amafuna kupeŵa kubowola kapena kudula padenga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zosefera potuluka mafani a utsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-19-2024
