Akatswiri tsopano akupempha kuti pakhale kuyika chidwi kwambiri pa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu musanagwiritse ntchito popanga mapaketi kuti muchepetse zinyalala zomwe zingatayike.
Mpweya woipa (GHG) womwe umayambitsidwa ndi mafuta ambiri komanso njira zosayenera zoyendetsera zinyalala ndi mavuto awiri akuluakulu omwe makampani opanga utoto ku Africa akukumana nawo, motero kufunika kopanga njira zatsopano zokhazikika zomwe sizimangoteteza kukhazikika kwa makampaniwa komanso kutsimikizira opanga ndi osewera omwe ali mu unyolo wamtengo wapatali kuti asamagwiritse ntchito ndalama zambiri pabizinesi komanso kuti apeze ndalama zambiri.
Akatswiri tsopano akupempha kuti pakhale kuyika chidwi kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu musanagwiritse ntchito popanga zinthu kuti muchepetse zinyalala zotayidwa ngati derali likufuna kuti lipeze phindu pofika chaka cha 2050 ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa makampani opanga zinthu zopaka utoto.
South Africa
Ku South Africa, kudalira kwambiri magwero amphamvu ochokera ku zinthu zakale kuti agwire ntchito m'mafakitale opangira magetsi komanso kusowa kwa njira zoyendetsera bwino komanso zoyendetsera ntchito zotaya zinyalala kwapangitsa makampani ena adzikolo kusankha ndalama zogulira mphamvu zoyera komanso njira zopakira zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi opanga komanso ogula.
Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Polyoak Packaging yomwe ili ku Cape Town, yomwe imagwira ntchito yokonza ndi kupanga ma CD apulasitiki olimba omwe amateteza chilengedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa chakudya, zakumwa ndi mafakitale, imati kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuipitsa kwa pulasitiki, komwe kumayambitsidwa pang'ono ndi gawo lopanga zinthu kuphatikizapo makampani opanga ma CD, ndi "mavuto awiri oipa" padziko lonse lapansi koma omwe alipo kwa osewera atsopano pamsika wa ma CD.
Cohn Gibb, woyang'anira malonda a kampaniyo, anati ku Johannesburg mu June 2024 gawo la mphamvu limapanga zoposa 75% ya mpweya woipa womwe umachokera ku mafuta ochokera ku zinthu zakale. Ku South Africa, mafuta ochokera ku zinthu zakale ndi omwe amapanga mpaka 91% ya mphamvu zonse za dzikolo poyerekeza ndi 80% padziko lonse lapansi pomwe malasha ndi omwe akulamulira magetsi mdziko lonse.
"South Africa ndi dziko la nambala 13 padziko lonse lapansi lomwe limatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lili ndi gawo la mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woipa kwambiri kuposa mayiko ena a G20," akutero.
Eskom, kampani yamagetsi ku South Africa, "ndi kampani yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi yopanga GHG chifukwa imatulutsa sulfure dioxide yambiri kuposa US ndi China pamodzi," akutero Gibb.
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa sulfure dioxide kumakhudza njira zopangira zinthu ku South Africa ndi machitidwe ake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa njira zopangira mphamvu zoyera.
Chikhumbo chothandizira zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi zochepetsa utsi wochokera ku mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuchepetsa kutsika kwa magetsi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ndalama za Eskom, kwapangitsa Polyoak kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso zomwe zingapangitse kampaniyo kupanga pafupifupi 5.4 miliyoni kwh pachaka.
Mphamvu yoyera yopangidwa "ingapulumutse matani 5,610 a mpweya wa CO2 pachaka zomwe zingafunike mitengo 231,000 pachaka kuti idye," akutero Gibb.
Ngakhale kuti ndalama zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa sizikwanira kuthandizira ntchito za Polyoak, pakadali pano kampaniyo yayika ndalama mu majenereta kuti iwonetsetse kuti magetsi akupezeka nthawi zonse panthawi yochepetsa mphamvu kuti pakhale bwino kwambiri popanga magetsi.
Kwina, Gibb akuti South Africa ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi njira zoyipa kwambiri zoyendetsera zinyalala padziko lonse lapansi ndipo pangafunike njira zatsopano zopangira mapaketi ndi opanga zokutira kuti achepetse zinyalala zomwe sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito komanso zomwe sizingabwezeretsedwenso m'dziko lomwe mabanja okwana 35% alibe zinyalala. Zinyalala zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa zimatayidwa mosaloledwa ndikutayidwa m'malo osungira zinyalala nthawi zambiri zomwe zimakulitsa malo osakhazikika, malinga ndi Gibb.
Kupaka Zinthu Zogwiritsidwanso Ntchito
Vuto lalikulu kwambiri loyang'anira zinyalala limachokera ku makampani opaka mapulasitiki ndi zokutira ndi ogulitsa ali ndi mwayi wochepetsa nkhawa pa chilengedwe kudzera mu ma CD ogwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi yayitali omwe angathe kubwezeretsedwanso mosavuta ngati pakufunika kutero.
Mu 2023, Dipatimenti ya Zankhalango ndi Usodzi ndi Zachilengedwe ku South Africa idapanga malangizo a dzikolo okhudza ma CD omwe amakhudza magulu anayi a zinthu zomangira monga zitsulo, galasi, mapepala ndi mapulasitiki.
Dipatimentiyi inati malangizo ake ndi kuthandiza "kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapepala omwe amafika pamalo otayira zinyalala mwa kukonza kapangidwe ka zinthu, kuwonjezera khalidwe la njira zopangira zinthu komanso kulimbikitsa kupewa zinyalala."
"Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu za malangizo olembera mapepala awa ndi kuthandiza opanga mapangidwe amitundu yonse kuti amvetsetse bwino momwe zisankho zawo zopangira mapepala zimakhudzira chilengedwe, motero kulimbikitsa njira zabwino zotetezera chilengedwe popanda kuletsa kusankha," adatero nduna yakale ya DFFE, Creecy Barbara, yemwe wasamutsidwira ku dipatimenti yoona za mayendedwe.
Ku Polyoak, Gibb akuti, oyang'anira kampaniyo akhala akupitiliza ndi mapepala ake omwe amayang'ana kwambiri "kugwiritsanso ntchito makatoni kuti apulumutse mitengo." Makatoni a Polyoak amapangidwa kuchokera ku bolodi la makatoni la chakudya chifukwa cha chitetezo.
"Pa avareji pamafunika mitengo 17 kuti ipange tani imodzi ya bolodi la kaboni," akutero Gibb.
"Ndondomeko yathu yobweza makatoni imathandiza kuti katoni iliyonse igwiritsidwenso ntchito kasanu," akuwonjezera, ponena za gawo lofunika kwambiri la 2021 logula makatoni atsopano okwana matani 1600, kuwagwiritsanso ntchito motero kupulumutsa mitengo 6,400."
Gibb akuti patatha chaka chimodzi, kugwiritsanso ntchito makatoniwo kunapulumutsa mitengo 108,800, yomwe ndi mitengo miliyoni imodzi m'zaka 10.
DFFE ikuyerekeza kuti matani opitilira 12 miliyoni a mapepala ndi mapepala opakidwa apezeka kuti abwezeretsedwenso mdziko muno m'zaka 10 zapitazi, ndipo boma likuti mapepala ndi mapepala opakidwa opitilira 71% opakidwa adasonkhanitsidwa mu 2018, zomwe ndi matani 1,285 miliyoni.
Koma vuto lalikulu lomwe South Africa ikukumana nalo, monga momwe zilili m'maiko ambiri aku Africa, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutaya mapulasitiki kosalamulirika, makamaka ma pellets apulasitiki kapena ma nurdles.
"Makampani opanga pulasitiki ayenera kuletsa kuti ma pellets apulasitiki, ma flakes kapena ufa usatayike m'malo osungira zinthu kuchokera ku malo opangira ndi kugawa zinthu," adatero Gibb.
Pakadali pano, Polyoak ikuyendetsa kampeni yotchedwa 'catch that pellet drive' yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ma pellets apulasitiki asanalowe m'ngalande zamadzi amvula ku South Africa.
"Mwatsoka, ma pellets apulasitiki amaonedwa ngati chakudya chokoma kwa nsomba ndi mbalame zambiri atadutsa m'ngalande zamadzi amvula komwe amalowa m'mitsinje yathu akuyenda pansi pa nyanja kenako n'kugwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja."
Ma pellet apulasitiki amachokera ku ma microplastics opangidwa kuchokera ku fumbi la matayala ndi microfiber kuchokera ku kutsuka ndi kuumitsa zovala za nayiloni ndi polyester.
Osachepera 87% ya ma microplastics asinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro za pamsewu (7%), microfibers (35%), fumbi la mzinda (24%), matayala (28%) ndi ma nurdles (0.3%).
Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kupitirira pamene DFFE ikunena kuti South Africa "ilibe mapulogalamu akuluakulu oyendetsera zinyalala pambuyo pa ogula kuti alekanitse ndi kukonza ma phukusi ovunda ndi opangidwa ndi manyowa."
"Chifukwa chake, zipangizozi sizili ndi phindu lenileni kwa osonkhanitsa zinyalala ovomerezeka kapena osavomerezeka, kotero zinthuzo zitha kukhalabe m'malo otayira zinyalala kapena nthawi yabwino kwambiri, zitha kutayidwa pamalo otayira zinyalala," adatero DFFE.
Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti pali Consumer Protection Act Sections 29 ndi 41 ndi Standards Act 2008 Sections 27(1) & {2) zomwe zimaletsa madandaulo abodza, osokeretsa kapena onyenga okhudza zosakaniza za malonda kapena makhalidwe a ntchito komanso mabizinesi kuti asanene kapena kugwira ntchito molakwika m'njira yomwe ingapangitse kuti "ziwoneke ngati zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi South African National Standard kapena mabuku ena a SABS."
Mu nthawi yochepa mpaka yapakatikati, DFFE imalimbikitsa makampani kuti achepetse kuwononga chilengedwe kwa zinthu ndi ntchito zawo m'moyo wawo wonse "popeza kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe ndiye mavuto akulu kwambiri a anthu masiku ano, ndizofunikira kwambiri."
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-22-2024
