Mapulojekiti atsopano mumakampani amafuta ndi gasi aku Russia, kuphatikiza pa alumali ya Arctic, akulonjeza kupitilizabe kukula pamsika wapakhomo wa zokutira zoletsa kuwononga.
Mliri wa COVID-19 wabweretsa zazikulu, koma zanthawi yochepa pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wama hydrocarbons. Mu Epulo 2020, kufunikira kwamafuta padziko lonse lapansi kudatsika kwambiri kuyambira 1995, kutsika mtengo wa Brent crude mpaka $28 pa mbiya itakwera mwachangu mafuta otsala.
Panthawi ina, mtengo wamafuta aku US wasinthanso kwanthawi yoyamba m'mbiri. Komabe, zochitika zazikuluzikuluzi zikuwoneka kuti sizikuletsa ntchito yamakampani amafuta ndi gasi aku Russia, chifukwa kufunikira kwa ma hydrocarbons padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kubwereranso mwachangu.
Mwachitsanzo, IEA ikuyembekeza kuti kufunikira kwa mafuta kudzakhalanso pamavuto asanachitike posachedwa 2022. Kukula kwamafuta amafuta - ngakhale kuchepetsedwa kwa mbiri mu 2020 - kuyenera kubwereranso pakapita nthawi, pamlingo wina, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa malasha padziko lonse lapansi. kusintha kwa gasi kuti apange magetsi.
Zimphona za ku Russia za Lukoil, Novatek ndi Rosneft, ndi zina zomwe zili padoko zikukonzekera kukhazikitsa ntchito zatsopano zopangira mafuta ndi gasi pamtunda komanso pashelufu ya Arctic. Boma la Russia likuwona kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nkhokwe zake za Arctic kudzera pa LNG monga gawo lalikulu la Energy Strategy mpaka 2035.
Kumbali iyi, kufunikira kwa Russia kwa zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri kumakhalanso ndi maulosi owala. Zogulitsa zonse mu gawoli zidakwana mabiliyoni 18.5 mu 2018 ($ 250 miliyoni), malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi gulu loganiza lochokera ku Moscow la Discovery Research Group. Zovala za Rub7.1 biliyoni ($ 90 miliyoni) zidatumizidwa ku Russia, ngakhale kuti kulowetsedwa mu gawoli kumacheperachepera, malinga ndi akatswiri.
Bungwe lina laulangizi la ku Moscow, la Concept-Center, linanena kuti malonda pamsika anali pakati pa matani 25,000 ndi 30,000 mwakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2016, msika wogwiritsa ntchito zokutira zowononga ku Russia udafika pa Rub 2.6 biliyoni ($ 42 miliyoni). Msikawu umakhulupirira kuti ukukula pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zapitazi ndi liwiro lapakati pa awiri kapena atatu peresenti pachaka.
Otenga nawo gawo pamsika akuwonetsa chidaliro, kufunikira kwa zokutira mugawoli kukwera m'zaka zikubwerazi, ngakhale zovuta za mliri wa COVID-19 sizinathebe.
"Malinga ndi zolosera zathu, kufunikira kudzawonjezeka pang'ono [m'zaka zikubwerazi]. Makampani amafuta ndi gasi amafunikira anti-corrosion, heat-resistant, fire-retardant ndi mitundu ina ya zokutira kuti akwaniritse ntchito zatsopano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofuna zikusunthira ku zokutira zamtundu umodzi wa polyfunctional. Zachidziwikire, munthu sanganyalanyaze zotsatira za mliri wa coronavirus, womwe, mwa njira, sunathe, "atero a Maxim Dubrovsky, wamkulu wa opanga zokutira zaku Russia Akrus. “Mogwirizana ndi kulosera kopanda chiyembekezo, ntchito yomanga [m’makampani amafuta ndi gasi] sizingayende mofulumira monga momwe anakonzera poyamba.
Boma likuchitapo kanthu kuti lilimbikitse ndalama komanso kuti ntchito yomanga ifike pamlingo womwe wakonzekera. ”
Mpikisano wopanda mtengo
Pali osewera osachepera 30 pamsika waku Russia waku anti-corrosive coatings, malinga ndi Industrial Coatings. Osewera otsogola akunja ndi Hempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, pakati pa ena.
Ogulitsa akuluakulu aku Russia ndi Akrus, VMP, Russian Paints, Empils, Moscow Chemical Plant, ZM Volga ndi Raduga.
M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, makampani ena omwe si a ku Russia, kuphatikizapo Jotun, Hempel ndi PPG apanga zokutira zowononga zowonongeka ku Russia. Pali zifukwa zomveka bwino zachuma kumbuyo kwa chisankho choterocho. Nthawi yobwezera yokhazikitsa zokutira zatsopano zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri pamsika waku Russia zimakhala pakati pa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, akuti Azamat Gareev, wamkulu wa ZIT Rossilber.
Malingana ndi Industrial Coatings, gawo ili la msika waku Russia wokutira ukhoza kufotokozedwa ngati oligopsony - mawonekedwe a msika omwe chiwerengero cha ogula ndi ochepa. Mosiyana, chiwerengero cha ogulitsa ndi chachikulu. Wogula aliyense waku Russia ali ndi zofunikira zake zamkati, ogulitsa ayenera kutsatira. Kusiyana pakati pa zofuna za makasitomala kungakhale kwakukulu.
Chotsatira chake, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zochepa za makampani opanga zovala za ku Russia, kumene mtengo suli pakati pa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kufunika.
Mwachitsanzo, Rosneft adavomereza mitundu 224 ya zokutira zowononga, malinga ndi kaundula waku Russia wa ogulitsa zokutira mafuta ndi gasi. Poyerekeza, Gazprom idavomereza zokutira 55 ndi Transneft 34 zokha.
M'magawo ena, gawo lazogulitsa kunja ndilokwera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, makampani aku Russia amalowetsa pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya zokutira pama projekiti akunyanja.
Mpikisano pamsika wa Russia wa zokutira zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, adatero Dmitry Smirnov, mkulu wa Moscow Chemical Plant. Izi zimakankhira kampaniyo kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira ndikuyambitsa kupanga mizere yatsopano yokutira zaka zingapo zilizonse. Kampaniyo ikuyendetsanso malo othandizira, kuwongolera ntchito zokutira, anawonjezera.
"Makampani opanga zokutira aku Russia ali ndi kuthekera kokwanira kukulitsa kupanga, zomwe zingachepetse kuitanitsa. Zovala zambiri zamakampani amafuta ndi gasi, kuphatikiza zomwe zimapangidwira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimapangidwa kumakampani aku Russia. Masiku ano, kuti chuma chikhale bwino, m'maiko onse, ndikofunikira kukulitsa zotuluka zazinthu zomwe amapanga, "adatero Dubrobsky.
Kuperewera kwa zida zopangira zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zalembedwa pakati pazifukwa zomwe zimalepheretsa makampani aku Russia kukulitsa gawo lawo pamsika, inanenanso za Industrial Coatings, potchula akatswiri ofufuza zamsika. Mwachitsanzo, pali kuchepa kwa aliphatic isocyanates, epoxy resins, zinki fumbi ndi ena inki.
Makampani opanga mankhwala amadalira kwambiri zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera kunja ndipo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mitengo yake. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zinthu zatsopano ku Russia ndi kulowetsa m'malo, pali njira zabwino zokhudzana ndi zopangira zopangira zopangira zokutira, "adatero Dubrobsky.
"Ndikofunikira kukulitsa luso kuti tipikisane, mwachitsanzo, ndi ogulitsa aku Asia. Zodzaza, ma pigment, resins, makamaka alkyd ndi epoxy, tsopano akhoza kulamulidwa kuchokera kwa opanga ku Russia. Msika wama isocyanate hardeners ndi zowonjezera zogwira ntchito zimaperekedwa makamaka ndi zolowa kunja. Kuthekera kopanga mapangidwe athu azinthuzi kuyenera kukambidwa pamlingo waboma. ”
Zovala zama projekiti akunyanja powonekera
Ntchito yoyamba ya ku Russia ya kunyanja inali nsanja ya Prirazlomnaya ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yopanga mafuta osamva madzi oundana mu Nyanja ya Pechora, kumwera kwa Novaya Zemlya. Gazprom inasankha Chartek 7 kuchokera ku International Paint Ltd. Kampaniyo akuti idagula 350,000 kg ya zokutira kuti ziteteze ku pulatifomu.
Kampani ina yamafuta yaku Russia Lukoil yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito nsanja ya Korchagin kuyambira 2010 ndi nsanja ya Philanovskoe kuyambira 2018, onse ku Nyanja ya Caspian.
Jotun anapereka zokutira zotsutsana ndi pulojekiti yoyamba ndi Hempel yachiwiri. Mu gawo ili, zofunika zokutira ndizolimba kwambiri, popeza kubwezeretsedwa kwa loya wopaka pansi pamadzi sikutheka.
Kufunika kwa zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri za gawo lakunyanja kumalumikizidwa ndi tsogolo lamakampani amafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi. Dziko la Russia lili ndi 80 peresenti ya mafuta ndi gasi omwe ali pansi pa shelufu ya ku Arctic komanso malo ochuluka omwe afufuzidwa.
Poyerekeza, US ili ndi 10 peresenti yokha ya alumali, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Canada, Denmark, Greenland ndi Norway, zomwe zimagawanitsa 10 peresenti yotsala pakati pawo. Mafuta a ku Russia omwe akuyerekezedwa kuti afufuzidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja amawonjezera matani 5 biliyoni amafuta ofanana. Norway ndi yachiwiri patali ndi matani biliyoni imodzi ankhokwe zotsimikizika.
"Koma pazifukwa zingapo - zachuma komanso zachilengedwe - zinthuzi zitha kupezeka," adatero Anna Kireeva, wofufuza za bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe la Bellona. "Malinga ndi ziwerengero zambiri, kufunikira kwa mafuta padziko lonse lapansi kutha kuchulukirachulukira pakangotha zaka zinayi kuchokera pano, mu 2023. Ndalama zazikuluzikulu zaboma zomwe zidamangidwa pamafuta zikusiyanso kuyika ndalama m'gawo lamafuta - kusuntha komwe kungapangitse Ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi zikusintha kuchoka kumafuta oyambira pansi pomwe maboma ndi mabungwe omwe amakhazikitsa ndalama kumagetsi ongowonjezwdwa. ”
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gasi kukuyembekezeka kukula pazaka 20 mpaka 30 zikubwerazi - ndipo gasi ndi gawo lalikulu la chuma cha Russia osati pa alumali la Arctic komanso pamtunda. Purezidenti Vladimir Putin wanena kuti akufuna kupanga dziko la Russia kukhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lagasi - zomwe sizingachitike chifukwa cha mpikisano wa Moscow ku Middle East, Kireeva anawonjezera.
Komabe, makampani amafuta aku Russia adanenanso kuti projekiti ya alumali ikhoza kukhala tsogolo lamakampani amafuta ndi gasi aku Russia.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za Rosneft ndikukula kwa zinthu za hydrocarbon pa shelufu ya kontinenti, kampaniyo idatero.
Masiku ano, pamene pafupifupi minda yaikulu ya mafuta ndi gasi yam'mphepete mwa nyanja imapezeka ndikupangidwa, ndipo pamene matekinoloje ndi kupanga mafuta a shale akukulirakulira, mfundo yakuti tsogolo la kupanga mafuta padziko lonse lili pa alumali la World Ocean ndi losatsutsika, Rosneft. adatero m'mawu ake patsamba lake. Mashelefu aku Russia ali ndi malo akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: Opitilira mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi ndipo Rosneft ndiye amene ali ndi ziphaso zazikulu kwambiri pashelefu yaku Russia, kampaniyo idawonjezera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-17-2024
