Kukula kwa Msika wa Polymer Resin kunali pamtengo wa USD 157.6 Biliyoni mu 2023. Makampani opanga Polymer Resin akuyembekezeka kukula kuchoka pa USD 163.6 Biliyoni mu 2024 kufika pa USD 278.7 Biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2032, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa compound annual growth rate (CAGR) ya 6.9% panthawi yomwe yanenedweratu (2024 - 2032). Ma resin achilengedwe ochokera m'mafakitale ndi ma resin a polymer, resin ya polymer imayambanso ngati madzi okhuthala, omata omwe amauma nthawi zonse akamayikidwa mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yodziwika. Nthawi zambiri, ma polima otenthetsera kutentha ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe amathiridwa sopo kuti apange. Mafuta a hydrocarbon kuphatikiza gasi wachilengedwe, mafuta osakonzedwa, malasha, mchere, ndi mchenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira zoyambira za polymer resin. Opanga zinthu zopangira omwe amasintha zinthu zapakati kukhala ma polima ndi ma resin ndi ma processor omwe amasintha zinthuzi kukhala zinthu zomalizidwa amapanga magawo awiri akuluakulu amakampani opanga polymer resin. Ogulitsa zinthu zopangira amagwiritsa ntchito resin intermediate kapena monomer yokhala ndi njira imodzi yopangira ma polymer kuti apange ma polima osaphika. Zipangizo zopangira ma polima nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndikugulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi a zomatira, zotsekera, ndi ma resin, ngakhale zitha kugulidwanso zambiri ngati ma pellets, ufa, ma granules, kapena mapepala. Gwero lalikulu la zinthu zopangira ma polima ndi mafuta, kapena mafuta osaphika. Ma processor nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosweka kuti asinthe ma hydrocarbon a petroleum kukhala ma alkenes otha kupangidwa ndi polymer monga ethylene, propylene, ndi butylene.
Zochitika Zamsika wa Polymer Resin
Ma resini a Polymer Ochokera ku Bio-Based Akupeza Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito Monga Mayankho Okhazikika Opaka Mapaketi
Ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio aonekera ngati njira yodziwika bwino yothetsera nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pa kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe komanso zotsatira zoyipa za ma pulasitiki achikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha kuipitsa kwa pulasitiki ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa pa zachilengedwe, ogula, mabizinesi, ndi maboma akulandira kwambiri ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio ngati njira ina yokhazikika yogwiritsira ntchito ma pulasitiki. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zikuwonetsa ubwino ndi kuthekera kwa ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio posintha makampani opangira ma pulasitiki kukhala tsogolo lokhazikika. Mapulasitiki achikhalidwe okhala ndi mafuta akhala chisankho chachikulu chopangira ma pulasitiki chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wotsika, kusinthasintha, komanso kulimba. Komabe, kusawonongeka kwawo komanso kupirira kwawo m'chilengedwe kwapangitsa kuti zinyalala za pulasitiki zisonkhanitsidwe kwambiri, zomwe zikuika pachiwopsezo chachikulu pa zamoyo zam'madzi, nyama zakuthengo, ndi thanzi la anthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio amachokera ku zinthu zongowonjezedwanso monga zomera, algae, kapena zinyalala, zomwe zimapereka njira yochepetsera kudalira mafuta ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umabwera chifukwa cha kupanga pulasitiki.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio-based ndi kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kusinthasintha kwawo. Mapulasitiki akale amatha kutenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti awole, pomwe njira zina zopangidwa ndi bio-based zitha kugawika mwachilengedwe kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni mkati mwa nthawi yochepa. Khalidweli limatsimikizira kuti zopangidwa ndi bio-basedzipangizo zopakiraSizimakhalabe m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ma polymer resins opangidwa ndi manyowa amatha kupangitsa nthaka kukhala yolimba pamene ikuwola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yozungulira komanso yokonzanso zinthu pokonza zinyalala. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ma polymer resins opangidwa ndi ma bio nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo mpweya wochepa wowononga kutentha poyerekeza ndi mafuta ena. Zotsatira zake, mabizinesi ndi mafakitale omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wawo wa kaboni akugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma bio-based ngati njira yabwino yokwaniritsira zolinga zawo zokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ma polymer ena opangidwa ndi ma bio-based amathanso kutenga kaboni panthawi yomwe akukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale zinthu zopanda kaboni komanso zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo ndi zatsopano kwasintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma polymer resins okhala ndi bio. Opanga tsopano amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a zinthuzi kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zolongedza, monga kusinthasintha, mawonekedwe otchinga, ndi mphamvu. Zotsatira zake, ma polymer resins okhala ndi bio akupeza ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya ndi zakumwa, zodzoladzola, mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri. Malamulo ndi mfundo za boma nawonso achita gawo lofunikira pakuyendetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma polymer resins okhala ndi bio. Mayiko ndi madera ambiri akhazikitsa njira zoletsa kapena kuletsa zinthu zapulasitiki zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, kulimbikitsa mabizinesi kuti afufuze njira zina zokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, maboma angapereke zolimbikitsa kapena zothandizira kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi bio, zomwe zikulimbikitsa kukula kwa msika.
Kusintha kwa ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio sikunakhale kopanda mavuto. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chapita patsogolo, zinthu zopangidwa ndi bio zimathabe kukumana ndi zopinga pankhani ya mtengo ndi kukula. Njira zopangira ma resini ena okhala ndi bio zingafunike zinthu zambiri, zomwe zingakhudze mtengo wawo poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki akale. Komabe, pamene ukadaulo ukupitirira patsogolo komanso kufunikira kukukwera, ndalama zambiri zitha kuchepetsa ndalama ndikupanga ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio kukhala opikisana kwambiri.
Kuwonjezeka kwa ma resini a polymer okhala ndi bio ngati njira zosungira zinthu zokhazikika kukuwonetsa gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa kuipitsa kwa pulasitiki ndikumanga anthu osamala kwambiri za chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo, kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa, komanso kukulitsa luso logwira ntchito, zipangizozi zimapereka njira ina yabwino m'malo mwa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe okhala ndi mafuta. Pamene mabizinesi, ogula, ndi maboma akuika patsogolo kukhazikika, msika wa resini wa polymer wokhala ndi bio uli wokonzeka kukula, zomwe zikulimbikitsa chuma chozungulira komwe zinyalala zosungira zinthu zimachepetsedwa, ndipo chuma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangidwa ndi bio, makampani osungira zinthu akhoza kutenga gawo lofunikira poteteza dziko lapansi kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Kuzindikira kwa Gawo la Msika wa Polymer Resin
Msika wa Polymer Resin ndi Resin Type Insights
Kutengera mtundu wa resin, msika wa Polymer Resin umaphatikizapo polystyrene, polyethylene,polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene yowonjezereka, ndi zina. Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri pamsika wa utomoni wa polymer ndi polyethylene. Chimakondedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kulimba kwake, komanso mtengo wake wotsika. Zinthu zambiri, monga zinthu zolongedza, matumba apulasitiki, zotengera, mapaipi, zoseweretsa, ndi zida zamagalimoto, zimagwiritsa ntchito polyethylene. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakukulu kumathandizidwa ndi kukana kwake mankhwala, kuyamwa chinyezi pang'ono, komanso kusavuta kupanga. Kupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha kwake komanso kukongola kwake ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana, monga polyethylene yapamwamba (HDPE) ndi polyethylene yotsika (LDPE), yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe apadera ogwiritsira ntchito.
Msika wa Polymer Resin pogwiritsa ntchito Insights
Kugawika kwa msika wa Polymer Resin, kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kumaphatikizapo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, zomangamanga, zamankhwala, zamagalimoto, ogula, mafakitale, ma CD, ndi zina. Ma CD ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wa polymer resin. Ma polymer resin, kuphatikiza polyethylene, polypropylene, ndi polystyrene, amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popaka zinthu. Ndi abwino kwambiri pamapepala osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo apamwamba, kuphatikizapo kulimba, kusinthasintha, komanso kukana chinyezi. Ma polymer resin ndi zinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa popaka m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chakudya ndi zakumwa, mankhwala, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi katundu wamafakitale. Izi zili choncho chifukwa amatha kuphimba ndikusunga bwino zinthu, ndi otsika mtengo, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mitundu ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a ma CD.
Msika wa Polymer Resin Kumvetsetsa Kwachigawo
Malinga ndi madera, kafukufukuyu akupereka chidziwitso cha msika ku North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, ndi Padziko Lonse Lapansi. Chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, dera la Asia Pacific lawona kukula kwakukulu ndi kulamulira msika. Ndi kwawo kwa malo ofunikira a mafakitale monga China, India, Japan, ndi South Korea, komwe zinthu zopangidwa ndi polymer resin zikufunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko akuluakulu omwe aphunziridwa pamsika ndi US, Canada, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, ndi Brazil.
Msika wa Polymer Resin Osewera Ofunika Pamsika & Chidziwitso Champikisano
Ogulitsa ambiri m'madera ndi m'madera akutali amadziwika kuti ndi polymer resin, msika ndi wopikisana kwambiri, ndipo osewera onse akupikisana kuti apeze gawo lalikulu pamsika. Kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa polymer resin m'magawo opaka ndi mafuta ndi gasi kukukweza malonda a polymer resin. Ogulitsa akupikisana kutengera mtengo, mtundu wa malonda, komanso kupezeka kwa zinthuzo malinga ndi malo. Ogulitsa ayenera kupereka polymer resin yotsika mtengo komanso yapamwamba kuti apikisane pamsika.
Kukula kwa osewera pamsika kumadalira msika ndi momwe chuma chilili, malamulo aboma, ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale. Chifukwa chake, osewera ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo ndikuwonjezera zomwe akufuna. Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, ndi Exxon Mobil Corporation ndi makampani akuluakulu pamsika pakadali pano omwe akupikisana pankhani ya mtundu, mtengo, ndi kupezeka. Osewerawa akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga utomoni wa polymer. Ngakhale osewera apadziko lonse lapansi akulamulira msika, osewera am'deralo ndi am'deralo omwe ali ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono pamsika nawonso ali ndi kupezeka pang'ono. Osewera apadziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi malo padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi mayunitsi opanga kapena maofesi ogulitsa, alimbitsa kupezeka kwawo m'madera akuluakulu monga North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, ndi Middle East & Africa.
Borealis AG: ndi mtsogoleri pa ntchito yobwezeretsanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyolefin ku Europe komanso ndi m'modzi mwa ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapereka njira zamakono komanso zosamalira chilengedwe za polyolefin. Kampaniyi imayang'anira misika yayikulu ya mankhwala ndi feteleza ku Europe. Kampaniyi yadzipangira dzina ngati bwenzi lodalirika la bizinesi komanso chizindikiro chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimawonjezera phindu kwa ogwirizana nawo, makasitomala, ndi makasitomala. Kampaniyi ndi mgwirizano pakati pa OMV, bizinesi yapadziko lonse yamafuta ndi gasi yokhala ndi likulu ku Austria, yomwe ili ndi magawo 75%, ndi Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC), yokhala ndi likulu ku United Arab Emirates (UAE), yomwe ili ndi 25% yotsalayo. Kudzera mu Borealis ndi mabizinesi awiri ofunikira, Borouge (yomwe ili ndi ADNOC, yomwe ili ku UAE) ndi BaystarTM (yomwe ili ndi TotalEnergies, yomwe ili ku US), imapereka ntchito ndi katundu kwa makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi.
Kampaniyo ili ndi malo operekera chithandizo kwa makasitomala ku Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Turkey, United States. Malo Opangira Zinthu ali ku Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, The Netherlands, United States, ndipo malo opangira zinthu zatsopano ali ku Austria, Finland, ndi Sweden. Kampaniyo ili ndi malo ogwirira ntchito m'maboma 120 ku Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, ndi Africa.
BASF SE:ndi imodzi mwa makampani opanga mankhwala otsogola padziko lonse lapansi. Kampaniyi ndi mtsogoleri pamsika poyendetsa kusintha kwa mpweya wa CO2 wopanda CO2 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yoyendetsera mpweya wa carbon. Ili ndi luso lamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana kuti ipereke mayankho ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana a makasitomala ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Kampaniyi imagwira ntchito zake m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi: zipangizo, mayankho a mafakitale, mankhwala, ukadaulo wa pamwamba, mayankho a ulimi, ndi zakudya ndi chisamaliro. Imapereka ma resin a polymer m'magawo onse kuphatikiza gawo la ma CD ndi mafuta ndi gasi. Kampaniyi imagwira ntchito zake m'magawo 11 omwe amayang'anira mayunitsi 54 apadziko lonse lapansi komanso am'madera ndikupanga njira zamabizinesi 72 anzeru. BASF imadziwika kuti ilipo m'maiko 80 ndipo imagwira ntchito m'malo asanu ndi limodzi a Verbund, omwe amalumikiza ntchito za mafakitale opanga, kuyenda kwa mphamvu, ndi zomangamanga m'madera osiyanasiyana. Ili ndi mayunitsi opanga pafupifupi 240 padziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza Ludwigshafen, Germany, malo akuluakulu opanga mankhwala ophatikizika padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi kampani imodzi. BASF imagwira ntchito makamaka ku Europe ndipo ili ndi kupezeka kogwira ntchito ku America, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa. Imatumikira makasitomala pafupifupi 82,000 ochokera m'magawo pafupifupi onse padziko lonse lapansi.
Makampani Ofunika Kwambiri Msika wa Polymer Resin akuphatikizapo.
●Borealis AG
●BASF SE
●Evonik Industries AG
●LyondellBasell Industries NV
●Shell Plc
●Solvay
●Ma polima a Roto
● Kampani ya Dow Chemical
●Nan Ya Plastics Corp
●Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation
● Kampani ya Celanese
●Gulu la INEOS
●Exxon Mobil Corporation
Kukula kwa Makampani a Polymer Resin
Meyi 2023: LyondellBasell ndi Veolia Belgium apanga mgwirizano (JV) wa Quality Circular Polymers (QCP) wobwezeretsanso pulasitiki. Mogwirizana ndi mgwirizanowu, LyondellBasell agula gawo la 50% la Veolia Belgium mu QCP kuti akhale mwini yekha wa kampaniyo. Kugula kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi dongosolo la LyondellBasell lomanga kampani yopambana yazachuma chozungulira komanso njira zothetsera mavuto otsika mpweya kuti athetse kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu ndi ntchito zosawononga chilengedwe.
Machi 2023, LyondellBasell ndi Mepol Group adalowa mu mgwirizano womaliza wogula Mepol Group. Kugula kumeneku kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa LyondellBasell pakukweza chuma chozungulira.
Novembala-2022: Shell Chemical Appalachia LLC, kampani yothandizana ndi Shell plc, yalengeza kuti Shell Polymers Monaca (SPM), pulojekiti ya Pennsylvania Chemical, yayamba kugwira ntchito. Fakitale ya ku Pennsylvania, yomwe imapanga matani 1.6 miliyoni pachaka, ndiye malo oyamba opangira polyethylene kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States.
Meyi 2024:Popeza kampani yoyamba ku America yakhazikitsa fakitale yake yoyamba yopanga ma pulasitiki a EC ndi ma masterbatches, Premix Oy tsopano yakhazikitsa ofesi ku United States. Olankhula a kampaniyo akuyembekeza kuti fakitale yowonjezerayi ilola "makasitomala kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochokera ku ma kontinenti awiri a opanga athu apamwamba kwambiri. Monga kasitomala wa Premix ku US, mudzapindula ndi zinthu ndi ntchito zopangidwa m'deralo, zomwe zidzatsimikizira nthawi yochepa yopezera zinthu komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Mu kuyankhulana, adati antchito 30-35 adzalembedwa ntchito pamene fakitale yomwe ikukambidwayi ikuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito pofika kumapeto kwa kotala loyamba la 2025. Anagwiritsa ntchito mathireyi a ESD m'mabokosi a thovu, mabokosi, ndi ma pallet. Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mathireyi a ESD, m'mathireyi a thovu, mabokosi, ma crates ndi ma pallet. Masiku ano, kugwira ntchito ku Finland kuli ndi mphamvu yophatikiza ma polima osiyanasiyana monga ABS, polycarbonate, zosakaniza za PC/ABS, nylon 6, PBT ndi thermoplastic elastomers TPES ndi thermoplastic polyurethanes TPUs.
Ogasiti 2024:Utomoni watsopano wosadzazidwa, wosinthidwa mphamvu wa polybutylene terephthalate tsopano ukupezeka ku Polymer Resources, kampani yophatikiza ma resin aukadaulo ku US. Utomoni wa TP-FR-IM3 ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi m'malo monga m'nyumba/nyumba zakunja, zakunja komanso zamkati. Uli ndi mphamvu yabwino yolimbana ndi nyengo, mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphamvu, kukana mankhwala komanso kuletsa moto. Tagheuer akunena kuti unalandira satifiketi yamitundu yonse motsatira UL743C F1. Umakwaniritsanso miyezo ya UL94 V0 ndi UL94 5VA yoletsa moto pamene uli ndi makulidwe a 1.5 mm (.06 mainchesi) ndipo umapereka njira zina zosiyanasiyana monga mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphamvu, kukana magetsi, mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphamvu komanso kutayika kwa mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphamvu. Mtundu watsopanowu umagwirizananso ndi mitundu yonse ya UL F1 yogwiritsidwa ntchito panja ndipo umatha kupirira udzu wolemera komanso mankhwala oyeretsera m'munda, magalimoto ndi zotsukira.
Kugawika kwa Msika wa Polymer Resin Mawonekedwe a Msika wa Polymer Resin Mtundu wa Resin
●Polystyrene
●Poleyitini
●Polyvinyl Chloride
●Polypropylene
●Polystyrene Yowonjezera
● Zina
Chiwonetsero cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Msika wa Polymer Resin
●Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi
● Kapangidwe ka nyumba
● Zachipatala
●Magalimoto
● Ogula
● Zamakampani
●Kupaka
● Zina
Chiwonetsero cha Msika wa Polymer Resin
● Kumpoto kwa Amerika
oUS
oCanada
● Ku Ulaya
Germany
France
oUK
ku Italy
Spain
Ku Ulaya konse
●Asia-Pacific
China
oJapan
oIndia
oAustralia
oSouth Korea
oAustralia
Malo Ena Onse a Asia-Pacific
● Middle East & Africa
oSaudi Arabia
oUAE
oSouth Africa
Kum'mwera kwa Middle East & Africa
● Latin America
Brazil
oArgentina
Malo Ena Onse a ku Latin America
| Khalidwe/Chiyerekezo | Tsatanetsatane |
| Kukula kwa Msika 2023 | Madola a ku America 157.6 Biliyoni |
| Kukula kwa Msika 2024 | Madola a ku America 163.6 Biliyoni |
| Kukula kwa Msika 2032 | Madola a ku America 278.7 Biliyoni |
| Chiŵerengero cha Kukula kwa Pachaka Chophatikizana (CAGR) | 6.9% (2024-2032) |
| Chaka Choyambira | 2023 |
| Nthawi Yoneneratu | 2024-2032 |
| Deta Yakale | 2019 ndi 2022 |
| Magawo a Zamtsogolo | Mtengo (USD Biliyoni) |
| Kufotokozera za Lipoti | Kuneneratu za Ndalama, Malo Opikisana, Zinthu Zokhudza Kukula, ndi Zochitika |
| Zigawo Zophimbidwa | Mtundu wa Resin, ntchito, ndi Chigawo |
| Malo Omwe Atchulidwa | North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, ndi Latin America |
| Mayiko Omwe Akhudzidwa | Mayiko monga US, Canada, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Argentina, |
| Makampani Ofunika Omwe Alembedwa Mbiri Yawo | Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, ndi Exxon Mobil Corporation |
| Mwayi Waukulu wa Msika | · Kukula kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Polima Osawonongeka |
| Kusintha kwa Msika Kofunika Kwambiri | · Kukulitsa Makampani Ogulitsa Mafuta ndi Gasi · Kukula Kofunika Kwambiri kwa Makampani Ogulitsa Mapaketi |
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-16-2025

