Kukula komwe kukuyembekezeredwaku kukuyembekezeka kukulitsa ntchito zomanga zomwe zikuchitika komanso zochedwetsa makamaka nyumba zotsika mtengo, misewu, ndi njanji.
Chuma cha Africa chikuyembekezeka kutumiza kukula pang'ono mu 2024 ndi maboma mu kontinenti akuyembekeza kuwonjezereka kwachuma mu 2025. Izi zidzatsegula njira yotsitsimutsa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zomangamanga, makamaka mumayendedwe, mphamvu ndi nyumba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokutira.
Malingaliro atsopano azachuma ku Africa opangidwa ndi Bank African Development Bank (AfDB) akuti chuma cha kontinenti chidzakwera kufika 3.7% mu 2024 ndi 4.3% mu 2025.
"Kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa Africa kudzatsogozedwa ndi East Africa (kukwera ndi 3.4 peresenti) ndi Southern Africa ndi West Africa (iliyonse ikukwera ndi 0.6 peresenti)," lipoti la AfDB likutero.
Mayiko osachepera 40 a ku Africa "adzatumiza kukula kwakukulu mu 2024 poyerekeza ndi 2023, ndipo chiwerengero cha mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha 5% chidzawonjezeka kufika 17," banki ikuwonjezera.
Kukula komwe kukuyembekezeka, ngakhale kuli kochepa, kukuyembekezeka kuthandizira ku Africa kuti achepetse ngongole zakunja, kulimbikitsa ntchito zomanga zomwe zikuchitika komanso zochedwa, makamaka nyumba zotsika mtengo, misewu, njanji, komanso mabungwe amaphunziro kuti athandizire ophunzira omwe akukula mwachangu.
Ntchito Zomangamanga
Ntchito zambiri za zomangamanga zikuchitika m'maiko ambiri aku Africa ngakhale 2024 ikufika kumapeto pomwe ena ogulitsa zokutira m'derali akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulitsa kotala loyamba, lachiwiri, ndi lachitatu la chaka motsogozedwa ndikuchita bwino kwamagawo opanga magalimoto monga makampani amagalimoto ndi ndalama zowonjezera mu gawo la nyumba.
Mwachitsanzo, m'modzi mwa opanga utoto wamkulu ku East Africa, a Crown Paints (Kenya) PLC, omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 1958, adakweza kuchuluka kwa 10% pazaka zomwe zidatha pa June 30, 2024 mpaka US $ 47.6 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi US $ 43 miliyoni ya chaka chatha.
Phindu la kampaniyo msonkho usanachitike udafika pa US $ 1.1 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi US $ 568,700 panthawi yomwe idatha pa June 30, 2023, kuwonjezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha "kukula kwa malonda."
"Phindu lonse lidakulitsidwanso ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa shilling ya Kenya motsutsana ndi ndalama zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi munthawi yomwe idatha pa June 30, 2024 komanso mitengo yabwino yosinthira mitengo ya zinthu zomwe zidabwera kuchokera kunja," adatero Conrad Nyikuri, mlembi wa kampani ya Crown Paints.
Kuchita bwino kwa Crown Paints kumakhudzanso kuperekedwa kwa mitundu ina kuchokera kwa osewera padziko lonse lapansi omwe kampaniyo imagawa ku Eastern Africa.
Kupatula mitundu yake ya utoto wamagalimoto omwe amapezeka pansi pa Motocryl yake pamsika wamba, Crown Paints imaperekanso mtundu wa Duco komanso zinthu zotsogola padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku Nexa Autocolour (PPG) ndi Duxone (Axalta Coating Systems) komanso kampani yotsogola yomatira ndi yomanga, Pidilite. Pakadali pano, mitundu ya utoto wa Crown Silicone imapangidwa ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa Wacker Chemie AG.
Kwina konse, mafuta, gasi ndi akatswiri opaka akatswiri apanyanja Akzo Nobel, omwe Crown Paints ali ndi mgwirizano wogula, akuti malonda ake ku Africa, msika womwe ndi gawo la Europe, Middle East dera, adalengeza kuwonjezeka kwa malonda a 2% ndi ndalama za 1% pagawo lachitatu la 2024.
PPG Industries inanenanso kuti: "Kugulitsa kwachilengedwe kwazaka zambiri ku Europe, Middle East ndi Africa kunali kwathyathyathya, zomwe ndi zabwino pambuyo pa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono."
Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito utoto ndi zokutira ku Africa kungabwere chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kufunikira kwa chitukuko cha zomangamanga komwe kukubwera chifukwa chakukula kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka anthu wamba, msika wamagalimoto okhazikika mderali komanso kukwera kwanyumba kwanyumba m'maiko monga Kenya, Uganda ndi Egypt.
"Pambuyo pakukula kwa anthu apakati komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito pagulu ku Africa kumapereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko," lipoti la AfDB likutero.
Ndipotu bankiyo inanena kuti kwa zaka 10 zapitazi “ndalama zogulira zinthu paokha zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira mu Africa chifukwa cha kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, kukwera kwa mizinda, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu apakati pa anthu.”
Bankiyi ikuti ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu ku Africa zidakula kuchoka pa $470 biliyoni mu 2010 kufika pa $1.4 thililiyoni mu 2020, zomwe zikuyimira kukula kwakukulu komwe kwachititsa kuti "kuchulukirachuluke kwa zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe, machitidwe amagetsi, matelefoni, ndi madzi ndi zimbudzi."
Kuphatikiza apo, maboma osiyanasiyana m'chigawochi akulimbikitsa njira yopezera nyumba zotsika mtengo kuti apeze nyumba zosachepera 50 miliyoni kuti athane ndi vuto la kusowa kwa dziko lino. Izi mwina zikufotokozera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zokutira zomanga ndi zokongoletsera mu 2024, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kupitilira mu 2025 pomwe ntchito zambiri zikuyembekezeredwa pakanthawi kochepa.
Pakadali pano, ngakhale Africa ikuyembekeza kulowa mu 2025 ndikukonzanso bizinesi yomwe ikukula kwambiri yamagalimoto, pakadali kusatsimikizika pamsika wapadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi kufooka kwapadziko lonse komwe kwasokoneza gawo la msika wogulitsa kunja komanso kusakhazikika kwandale m'maiko monga Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ndi Mozambique.
Mwachitsanzo, bizinesi yamagalimoto ku Ghana, yomwe inali yamtengo wapatali $4.6 biliyoni mu 2021, ikuyembekezeka kufika US $ 10.64 biliyoni pofika 2027 malinga ndi lipoti la oyang'anira a Dawa Industrial Zone, gulu lopangidwa mwadala ku Ghana lomwe likufuna kukhala ndi mafakitale opepuka komanso olemera m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
"Kukula kumeneku kukutsimikizira kuti Africa ikhoza kukhala msika wamagalimoto," lipotilo likutero.
"Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mu kontinentiyi, komanso kufunitsitsa kudzidalira pakupanga, kumatsegula njira zatsopano zopangira ndalama, mgwirizano waukadaulo, komanso mgwirizano ndi zimphona zamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi," akuwonjezera.
Ku South Africa, bungwe la Automotive Business Council (naamsa), lomwe ndi lothandizira makampani opanga magalimoto ku South Africa, lati kupanga magalimoto mdziko muno kudakwera ndi 13.9%, kuchoka pamayunitsi 555,885 mchaka cha 2022 kufika mayunitsi 633,332 mu 2023, "kupitilira kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse kwa 12023% padziko lonse lapansi."
Kuthana ndi Mavuto
Kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha Africa m'chaka chatsopanocho chidzadalira kwambiri momwe maboma mu kontinentiyi athana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zitha kukhudza mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina pamsika wa zokutira.
Mwachitsanzo, nkhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe ikukulirakulira ku Sudan ikupitilizabe kuwononga zida zofunikira monga zoyendera, nyumba zogona ndi zamalonda komanso popanda bata landale, ntchito ndi kukonza katundu ndi makontrakitala opaka utoto zakhala zosatheka.
Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa zomangamanga kungapangitse mwayi wamabizinesi kwa opanga zokutira ndi ogulitsa panthawi yomanganso, zotsatira za nkhondo pazachuma zitha kukhala zowopsa pakanthawi kochepa.
"Zovuta za mkangano pazachuma ku Sudan zikuwoneka ngati zozama kwambiri kuposa momwe zidawunikiridwa kale, ndikuchepa kwa zotulutsa zenizeni zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira katatu mpaka 37.5 peresenti mu 2023, kuchokera pa 12.3 peresenti mu Januware 2024," ikutero AfDB.
"Mkanganowu ulinso ndi vuto lalikulu lopatsirana, makamaka ku South Sudan yoyandikana nayo, yomwe imadalira kwambiri mapaipi akale ndi zoyenga, komanso zida zamadoko zotumizira mafuta kunja," akuwonjezera.
Mkanganowu, malinga ndi AfDB, wadzetsa chiwonongeko chachikulu kuzinthu zofunikira kwambiri zamafakitale komanso zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito komanso njira zoperekera zinthu, zomwe zidayambitsa zopinga zazikulu zamalonda akunja ndi kutumiza kunja.
Ngongole ya ku Africa imayikanso chiwopsezo ku mphamvu za maboma m'derali kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pazovala zolemera monga zomanga.
"M'mayiko ambiri a ku Africa, ngongole zothandizira ngongole zakwera, kuwononga ndalama za boma, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito komanso ndalama zothandizira anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko la Africa likhale lovuta kwambiri lomwe limatsekereza Africa pakukula pang'onopang'ono," bankiyo ikuwonjezera.
Pamsika waku South Africa, Sapma ndi mamembala ake akuyenera kuyesetsa kuti pakhale dongosolo lazachuma chifukwa kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu, kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito zikubweretsa zolepheretsa kukula kwa magawo opanga zinthu ndi migodi mdziko muno.
Komabe, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwachuma cha Africa komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe maboma akuyembekezeredwa m'derali, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi utha kukulitsanso kukula mu 2025 ndi kupitirira apo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-07-2024
