M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, cholinga chachikulu chinali kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zosungunulira zomwe zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga. Izi zimatchedwa ma VOC (volatile organic compounds) ndipo, moyenera, zimaphatikizapo zosungunulira zonse zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kupatula acetone, yomwe ili ndi reactivity yochepa kwambiri ya photochemical ndipo yachotsedwa ngati zosungunulira za VOC.
Koma bwanji ngati tingathe kuchotsa zosungunulira zonse koma n’kupezabe zotsatira zabwino zoteteza komanso zokongoletsera popanda khama lalikulu?
Zimenezo zingakhale zabwino kwambiri — ndipo tingathe. Ukadaulo womwe umapangitsa izi kukhala zotheka umatchedwa UV curing. Wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira m'ma 1970 pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo chitsulo, pulasitiki, galasi, mapepala, komanso, makamaka, matabwa.
Zophimba zopangidwa ndi UV zimachira zikakumana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet komwe kuli pamtunda wotsika kapena pansi pa kuwala kooneka. Ubwino wawo ndi monga kuchepetsa kwambiri kapena kuchotsa kwathunthu ma VOC, zinyalala zochepa, malo ochepa pansi amafunika, kusamalira ndi kuyika zinthu pamodzi nthawi yomweyo (kotero palibe chifukwa choumitsa ma racks), kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa kupanga mwachangu.
Zoyipa ziwiri zazikulu ndi mtengo wokwera wa zida komanso kuvutika kumaliza zinthu zovuta za 3-D. Chifukwa chake kulowa mu UV critering nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokha m'masitolo akuluakulu omwe amapanga zinthu zathyathyathya monga zitseko, mapanelo, pansi, zokongoletsera ndi zida zokonzeka kumangidwa.
Njira yosavuta yomvetsetsa zomaliza zophimbidwa ndi UV ndikuziyerekeza ndi zomaliza zophimbidwa ndi UV zomwe mwina mukudziwa. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zomaliza zophimbidwa ndi UV, zomaliza zophimbidwa ndi UV zimakhala ndi utomoni woti upange, chosungunulira kapena cholowa m'malo mwa kupyapyala, chothandizira kuyambitsa kulumikiza ndikubweretsa kupyapyala ndi zina zowonjezera monga zinthu zopukutira kuti zipereke mawonekedwe apadera.
Ma resini angapo oyambira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo zochokera ku epoxy, urethane, acrylic ndi polyester.
Nthawi zonse ma resin awa amachira mwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo savutika ndi zosungunulira komanso kukanda, mofanana ndi varnish yosinthidwa (yosinthidwa). Izi zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kosawoneka kukhale kovuta ngati filimu yokonzedwayo yawonongeka.
Mapeto ophimbidwa ndi UV akhoza kukhala olimba 100 peresenti mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, makulidwe a zomwe zimayikidwa pamtengowo ndi ofanana ndi makulidwe a chophimba chophimbidwa. Palibe chomwe chingasweke. Koma utomoni woyamba ndi wokhuthala kwambiri kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta. Choncho opanga amawonjezera mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono osinthika kuti achepetse kukhuthala. Mosiyana ndi zosungunulira, zomwe zimasweka, mamolekyu awa amawonjezedwa pamodzi ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu a utomoni kuti apange filimuyi.
Zosungunulira kapena madzi zimatha kuwonjezeredwa ngati zosungunulira ngati pakufunika kupangidwa filimu yopyapyala, mwachitsanzo, pa chovala chotseka. Koma nthawi zambiri sizimafunikira kuti zipangitse kuti ziume. Zosungunulira kapena madzi akawonjezedwa, ziyenera kuloledwa, kapena kupangidwa (mu uvuni), kuti ziume musanayambe kutsukidwa kwa UV.
Chothandizira
Mosiyana ndi varnish yokonzedwa, yomwe imayamba kuuma ikawonjezedwa, chothandizira chomwe chili ndi UV-cured finish, chotchedwa "photoinitiator," sichichita chilichonse mpaka chitakumana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa UV. Kenako chimayamba kusintha kwachangu komwe kumalumikiza mamolekyu onse omwe ali mu utotowo kuti apange filimuyo.
Njira imeneyi ndiyo imapangitsa kuti zomaliza zophimbidwa ndi UV zikhale zapadera kwambiri. Palibe nthawi yokwanira yophimbidwa ndi UV kapena mphika. Zimakhalabe mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi mpaka zitayikidwa ku kuwala kwa UV. Kenako zimachira kwathunthu mkati mwa masekondi ochepa. Kumbukirani kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kuyambitsa kuuma, choncho ndikofunikira kupewa kuuma kwamtunduwu.
Zingakhale zosavuta kuganiza kuti chothandizira pakuphimba UV ndi magawo awiri osati chimodzi. Pali choyambitsa kuwala chomwe chili kale kumapeto - pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya madzi - ndipo pali mphamvu ya kuwala kwa UV yomwe imayatsa. Popanda zonsezi, palibe chomwe chimachitika.
Khalidwe lapaderali limapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kubwezeretsanso kupopera kwambiri kunja kwa kuwala kwa UV ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kumaliza. Chifukwa chake zinyalala zimatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
Kuwala kwa UV kwachikhalidwe ndi babu la mercury-vapor pamodzi ndi chowunikira cha elliptical kuti chisonkhanitse ndikulozera kuwalako. Cholinga chake ndikuyang'ana kuwalako kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri pakuyatsa choyambitsa kuwala.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, ma LED (ma diode otulutsa kuwala) ayamba kusintha mababu akale chifukwa ma LED amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochepa, amakhala nthawi yayitali, safunika kutentha ndipo ali ndi kutalika kwa mafunde ochepa kotero sapanga kutentha kofanana komwe kumayambitsa mavuto. Kutentha kumeneku kumatha kusungunula ma resin m'matabwa, monga paini, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kutha.
Komabe, njira yochizira ndi yofanana. Chilichonse ndi "chowonekera." Kutha kwake kumachira kokha ngati kuwala kwa UV kukukhudza kuchokera patali. Malo omwe ali mumthunzi kapena omwe kuwala sikuwala sachira. Ichi ndi choletsa chofunikira cha UV pakali pano.
Kuti chophimbacho chikhale cholimba, ngakhale chinthu chosalala ngati chopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe, magetsi ayenera kukonzedwa kuti agwire malo onse pamtunda womwewo kuti agwirizane ndi kapangidwe ka chophimbacho. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zinthu zosalala zimapanga ntchito zambiri zomwe zimakutidwa ndi utoto wa UV.
Makonzedwe awiri ofala a kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa UV ndi kuyeretsa ndi mzere wathyathyathya ndi chipinda.
Ndi mzere wosalala, zinthu zathyathyathya kapena pafupifupi zathyathyathya zimatsika pansi pa conveyor pansi pa spray kapena roller kapena kudzera mu vacuum chamber, kenako kudzera mu uvuni ngati pakufunika kuchotsa zosungunulira kapena madzi ndipo pamapeto pake pansi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyali za UV kuti zithetse vutoli. Zinthuzo zimatha kuyikidwa m'magulu nthawi yomweyo.
M'zipinda, zinthuzo nthawi zambiri zimapachikidwa ndikusunthidwa motsatira chonyamulira kudzera m'masitepe omwewo. Chipindacho chimapangitsa kuti mbali zonse zithe kumalizidwa nthawi imodzi komanso kuti zinthu zosakhala zovuta komanso zamitundu itatu zithe kumalizidwa.
Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito loboti kuti izungulire chinthucho patsogolo pa nyali za UV kapena kugwira nyali ya UV ndikusuntha chinthucho mozungulira.
Ogulitsa amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri
Ndi zophimba ndi zida zotsukidwa ndi UV, ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa kuposa ma varnish okonzedwa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kugwirizanitsidwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutalika kwa mafunde a mababu kapena ma LED ndi mtunda wawo kuchokera ku zinthuzo, kupanga kwa zophimba ndi liwiro la mzere ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mzere womaliza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-23-2023
