1. Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani inki ikaphikidwa kwambiri?Pali lingaliro lakuti pamene pamwamba pa inki pakhala kuwala kwa ultraviolet kochuluka, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Anthu akasindikiza inki ina pa filimu yolimba iyi ya inki ndikuiumitsa kachiwiri, kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo za inki zapamwamba ndi zapansi kudzakhala kofooka kwambiri.
Lingaliro lina ndi lakuti kupopera kwambiri kumayambitsa kupopera kwa inki pamwamba. Kupopera kwa inki kudzawononga zomangira za mankhwala pamwamba pa inki. Ngati zomangira za molekyulu pamwamba pa inki zawonongeka kapena kuwonongeka, kugwirizana pakati pake ndi inki ina kudzachepa. Mafilimu a inki opopera kwambiri sikuti amangosinthasintha pang'ono, komanso amatha kuphwanyika pamwamba.
2. N’chifukwa chiyani ma inki ena a UV amachira msanga kuposa ena?Inki za UV nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa malinga ndi makhalidwe a zinthu zina ndi zofunikira zapadera za ntchito zina. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mankhwala, inki ikachira mwachangu, kusinthasintha kwake kumakhala koipa kwambiri ikachira. Monga momwe mungaganizire, inki ikachira, mamolekyu a inki amakumana ndi zochitika zolumikizana. Ngati mamolekyu amenewa amapanga unyolo wambiri wa mamolekyu wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, inkiyo imachira mwachangu koma sidzakhala yosinthasintha kwambiri; ngati mamolekyu amenewa amapanga unyolo wochepa wa mamolekyu wopanda nthambi, inkiyo ikhoza kuchira pang'onopang'ono koma mosakayikira idzakhala yosinthasintha kwambiri. Inki zambiri zimapangidwa kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pa inki yopangidwira kupanga ma switch a membrane, filimu ya inki yochiritsidwa iyenera kugwirizana ndi zomatira zophatikizika ndikukhala yosinthasintha mokwanira kuti igwirizane ndi kukonza pambuyo pake monga kudula ndi kukongoletsa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zinthu zopangira mankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu inki sizingagwirizane ndi pamwamba pa substrate, apo ayi zingayambitse ming'alu, kusweka kapena kusweka. Inki zotere nthawi zambiri zimachira pang'onopang'ono. Inki zopangidwira kupanga makadi kapena ma pulasitiki olimba sizifuna kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndipo zimauma mwachangu kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kaya inki imauma mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono, tiyenera kuyamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito komaliza. Vuto lina lofunika kuliganizira ndi zida zophikira. Inki zina zimatha kuchira mwachangu, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya zida zophikira, liwiro lophikira la inki lingachedwetsedwe kapena kusaphikidwa mokwanira.
3. N’chifukwa chiyani filimu ya polycarbonate (PC) imasanduka yachikasu ndikagwiritsa ntchito inki ya UV?Polycarbonate imakhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet komwe kumakhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde osakwana 320 nanometers. Kufiira kwa pamwamba pa filimu kumachitika chifukwa cha kusweka kwa unyolo wa mamolekyu womwe umayambitsidwa ndi photooxidation. Ma pulasitiki a mamolekyu amatenga mphamvu ya kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndikupanga ma free radicals. Ma free radical awa amachitapo kanthu ndi mpweya mumlengalenga ndikusintha mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a pulasitiki.
4. Kodi mungapewe bwanji kapena kuchotsa chikasu cha pamwamba pa polycarbonate?Ngati inki ya UV ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza pa filimu ya polycarbonate, chikasu cha pamwamba pake chingachepe, koma sichingathe kuthetsedwa kwathunthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mababu ochiritsira okhala ndi chitsulo chowonjezera kapena gallium kungachepetse bwino kuwoneka kwa chikasuchi. Mababu awa amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet komwe kumakhala kochepa kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa polycarbonate. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza bwino mtundu uliwonse wa inki kudzathandizanso kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe gawo lapansi limawonekera ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa mtundu wa polycarbonate.
5. Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa magawo okhazikitsira (ma watts pa inchi) pa nyali yoyeretsera UV ndi mawerengedwe omwe timawona pa radiometer (ma watts pa sentimita imodzi kapena ma milliwatts pa sentimita imodzi)?
Ma watts pa inchi ndi gawo lamphamvu la nyali yoyezera kuwala, lomwe limachokera ku ma volts a Ohm's law (voltage) x ma amps (current) = ma watts (mphamvu); pomwe ma watts pa sentimita imodzi kapena ma milliwatts pa sentimita imodzi imodzi amayimira kuwala kwapamwamba (mphamvu ya UV) pa gawo lililonse la unit pamene radiometer imadutsa pansi pa nyali yoyezera kuwala. Kuwala kwapamwamba kumadalira makamaka mphamvu ya nyali yoyezera kuwala. Chifukwa chomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ma watts poyesa kuwala kwapamwamba makamaka ndichifukwa chakuti kumayimira mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyali yoyezera kuwala. Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amalandiridwa ndi chipangizo choyezera kuwala, zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kuwala kwapamwamba ndi monga momwe chowunikiracho chilili komanso mawonekedwe ake, zaka za nyali yoyezera kuwala, komanso mtunda pakati pa nyali yoyezera kuwala ndi pamwamba pake.
6. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa ma millijoule ndi ma milliwatts ndi kotani?Mphamvu yonse yomwe imayatsidwa pamalo enaake kwa nthawi inayake nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa mu ma joules pa sentimita imodzi kapena ma millijoules pa sentimita imodzi. Izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi liwiro la lamba wonyamulira, mphamvu, chiwerengero, zaka, momwe nyali zoyatsira magetsi zilili, komanso mawonekedwe ndi momwe zowunikira zilili mu dongosolo loyatsira magetsi. Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya UV kapena mphamvu ya ma radiation yomwe imayatsidwa pamalo enaake imawonetsedwa makamaka mu ma watts/sentimita imodzi kapena ma milliwatts/sentimita imodzi. Mphamvu ya UV ikayatsidwa pamwamba pa substrate, mphamvu zambiri zimalowa mu filimu ya inki. Kaya ndi ma milliwatts kapena ma millijoules, imatha kuyezedwa pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya wavelength ya radiometer ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zina.
7. Kodi tingatsimikizire bwanji kuti inki ya UV imauma bwino?Kuthira filimu ya inki ikadutsa mu chipangizo chothira koyamba n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuthira bwino kungachepetse kusintha kwa substrate, kuthira kwambiri, kunyowetsanso ndi kufinya pang'ono, ndikukonza kumatirira pakati pa inki ndi nthabwala kapena pakati pa zokutira. Makampani osindikizira pazenera ayenera kudziwa magawo opanga asanayambe kupanga. Pofuna kuyesa mphamvu ya inki ya UV, titha kuyamba kusindikiza pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri lomwe substrate imaloledwa ndikuchiritsa zitsanzo zomwe zasindikizidwa kale. Pambuyo pake, ikani mphamvu ya nyali yothira pamtengo womwe watchulidwa ndi wopanga inki. Pogwira ntchito ndi mitundu yomwe si yosavuta kuchiza, monga yakuda ndi yoyera, tithanso kuwonjezera moyenera magawo a nyali yothira. Tsamba losindikizidwa litazizira, titha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya mthunzi wa bidirectional kuti tidziwe kumatirira kwa filimu ya inki. Ngati chitsanzocho chingapambane mayesowo bwino, liwiro la pepala lotumizira likhoza kuwonjezeka ndi mapazi 10 pamphindi, kenako kusindikiza ndi kuyesa kungathe kuchitika mpaka filimu ya inki itataya kumatirira ku substrate, ndipo liwiro la lamba wotumizira ndi magawo a nyali yothira panthawiyi zalembedwa. Kenako, liwiro la lamba wonyamula katundu lingachepe ndi 20-30% malinga ndi mawonekedwe a makina a inki kapena malangizo a wogulitsa inki.
8. Ngati mitundu siikufanana, kodi ndiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuzizira kwambiri?Kuthira kwambiri kumachitika pamene pamwamba pa filimu ya inki pamatenga kuwala kwa UV kochuluka kwambiri. Ngati vutoli silipezeka ndi kuthetsedwa pakapita nthawi, pamwamba pa filimu ya inki padzakhala kovuta kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, bola ngati sitichita kusindikiza mitundu yambiri, sitiyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi vutoli. Komabe, tiyenera kuganizira chinthu china chofunikira, chomwe ndi filimu kapena substrate yomwe ikusindikizidwa. Kuwala kwa UV kumatha kukhudza malo ambiri a substrate ndi mapulasitiki ena omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa UV kwa kutalika kwina. Kuzindikira kumeneku kwa kutalika kwina kwa mafunde kuphatikiza ndi mpweya mumlengalenga kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa pulasitiki. Ma bond a mamolekyu pamwamba pa substrate amatha kusweka ndikupangitsa kuti kugwirizana pakati pa inki ya UV ndi substrate kulephereke. Kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya pamwamba pa substrate ndi njira yocheperako ndipo imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa UV yomwe imalandira.
9. Kodi inki ya UV ndi inki yobiriwira? Chifukwa chiyani?Poyerekeza ndi inki zopangidwa ndi zosungunulira, inki za UV ndizotetezeka kwambiri ku chilengedwe. Inki zomwe zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi UV zimatha kukhala zolimba 100%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zigawo zonse za inki zidzakhala filimu yomaliza ya inki.
Koma inki zopangidwa ndi zosungunulira zimatulutsa zosungunulira mumlengalenga pamene inkiyo ikuuma. Popeza zosungunulira ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosinthasintha, zimakhala zovulaza chilengedwe.
10. Kodi muyeso wa deta ya kuchuluka kwa anthu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pa densitometer ndi chiyani?Kuchuluka kwa kuwala kulibe mayunitsi. Densitometer imayesa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumawonetsedwa kapena komwe kumatumizidwa kuchokera pamwamba posindikizidwa. Diso la photoelectric lolumikizidwa ku densitometer limatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumawonetsedwa kapena komwe kumatumizidwa kukhala kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumawonetsedwa.
11. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kuchulukana kwa zinthu?Mu kusindikiza pazenera, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa utoto wa inki ndi makulidwe ake, mtundu, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta utoto, komanso mtundu wa chinthucho. Kuchuluka kwa utoto kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kuonekera ndi makulidwe a inki, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta utoto komanso momwe kuwala kumayamwitsira komanso kufalikira kwake.
12. Kodi dyne level ndi chiyani?Dyne/cm ndi gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupsinjika kwa pamwamba. Kupsinjika kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kukopa kwa madzi enaake (kupsinjika kwa pamwamba) kapena kolimba (mphamvu ya pamwamba). Pazifukwa zenizeni, nthawi zambiri timatcha izi kuti dyne level. Dyne level kapena mphamvu ya pamwamba ya substrate inayake imayimira kunyowa kwake ndi kumatirira kwa inki. Mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi katundu weniweni wa chinthu. Mafilimu ambiri ndi substrate zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza zimakhala ndi milingo yotsika yosindikiza, monga 31 dyne/cm polyethylene ndi 29 dyne/cm polypropylene, motero zimafuna chithandizo chapadera. Kuchiza koyenera kumatha kuwonjezera dyne level ya substrate zina, koma kwakanthawi kochepa. Mukakonzeka kusindikiza, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza dyne level ya substrate, monga: nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa chithandizo, malo osungira, chinyezi chozungulira komanso milingo ya fumbi. Popeza milingo ya dyne imatha kusintha pakapita nthawi, osindikiza ambiri amaona kuti ndikofunikira kukonza kapena kukonzanso mafilimu awa musanasindikize.
13. Kodi mankhwala a moto amachitidwa bwanji?Mapulasitiki mwachibadwa samakhala ndi mabowo ndipo ali ndi pamwamba popanda madzi (mphamvu yochepa pamwamba). Kuchiza moto ndi njira yokonzera mapulasitiki kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi pamwamba pa substrate. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yosindikiza mabotolo apulasitiki, njira iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga magalimoto ndi mafilimu. Kuchiza moto sikungowonjezera mphamvu pamwamba, komanso kumachotsa kuipitsidwa pamwamba. Kuchiza moto kumaphatikizapo zochitika zosiyanasiyana zovuta zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala. Njira yeniyeni yochizira moto ndi yakuti moto wotentha kwambiri umasamutsa mphamvu ku mafuta ndi zonyansa pamwamba pa substrate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume pamene kutentha kukutentha ndikuchita ntchito yoyeretsa; ndipo njira yake ya mankhwala ndi yakuti moto uli ndi ma ayoni ambiri, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowononga. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, umakhudzana ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chochizidwa kuti upange gulu la magulu ogwira ntchito a polar omwe ali ndi mphamvu pamwamba pa chinthu chochizidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yake pamwamba ndipo motero zimawonjezera mphamvu yake yoyamwa madzi.
14. Kodi chithandizo cha corona n'chiyani?Kutuluka kwa corona ndi njira ina yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa dyne. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu pa chosindikizira cha media, mpweya wozungulira ukhoza kusinthidwa kukhala ion. Pamene gawo lapansi likudutsa m'derali la ion, ma bond a mamolekyu pamwamba pa chinthucho amasweka. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza zinthu zopyapyala.
15. Kodi pulasitiki imakhudza bwanji kumamatira kwa inki pa PVC?Chopaka utoto ndi mankhwala omwe amapangitsa kuti zinthu zosindikizidwa zikhale zofewa komanso zosinthasintha. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki yomwe imawonjezeredwa ku PVC yosinthasintha kapena mapulasitiki ena makamaka zimadalira zomwe anthu amafuna pamakina, kutentha ndi mphamvu zamagetsi za zinthu zosindikizidwa. Zopaka utoto zimatha kusamukira pamwamba pa substrate ndikukhudza kumatirira kwa inki. Zopaka utoto zomwe zimatsalira pamwamba pa substrate ndi zodetsa zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba pa substrate. Zodetsa zambiri pamwamba, mphamvu ya pamwamba imachepa ndipo inki imamatirira pang'ono. Kuti mupewe izi, munthu akhoza kuyeretsa substrate ndi chosungunulira chofewa asanasindikize kuti akonze kusindikizidwa kwawo.
16. Kodi ndikufunika nyali zingati kuti ndizimitse?Ngakhale kuti makina a inki ndi mtundu wa substrate zimasiyana, nthawi zambiri, makina amodzi oyeretsera nyali ndi okwanira. Zachidziwikire, ngati muli ndi bajeti yokwanira, mutha kusankha chida choyeretsera nyali ziwiri kuti muwonjezere liwiro loyeretsera. Chifukwa chomwe nyali ziwiri zoyeretsera zilili bwino kuposa chimodzi ndikuti makina awiri oyeretsera nyali amatha kupereka mphamvu zambiri ku substrate pa liwiro lofanana la conveyor ndi makonda a parameter. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zomwe tiyenera kuganizira ndichakuti ngati chida choyeretsera chingaumitse inki yosindikizidwa pa liwiro labwinobwino.
17. Kodi kukhuthala kwa inki kumakhudza bwanji kusindikizidwa?Inki zambiri ndi thixotropic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukhuthala kwawo kumasintha ndi kumeta tsitsi, nthawi ndi kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhuthala kwa inki kukakwera, kukhuthala kwa inki kumachepa; kutentha kwa mlengalenga kukakwera, kukhuthala kwa inki pachaka kumachepa. Inki zosindikizira pazenera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa makina osindikizira, koma nthawi zina pamakhala mavuto oti makina osindikizira azisindikizika kutengera makonda a makina osindikizira ndi kusintha koyambirira. Kukhuthala kwa inki pa makina osindikizira nakonso kumasiyana ndi kukhuthala kwake mu katiriji ya inki. Opanga inki amaika mtundu winawake wa kukhuthala kwa zinthu zawo. Kwa inki zomwe ndi zoonda kwambiri kapena zomwe zili ndi kukhuthala kochepa kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kuwonjezera zokhuthala moyenera; kwa inki zomwe ndi zokhuthala kwambiri kapena zomwe zili ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kuwonjezera zosungunulira. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kulumikizananso ndi wogulitsa inki kuti mudziwe zambiri za malonda.
18. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikika kapena nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito inki za UV?Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kukhazikika kwa inki ndi kusungidwa kwa inki. Inki za UV nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'ma cartridge a inki apulasitiki osati m'ma cartridge a inki achitsulo chifukwa zotengera zapulasitiki zimakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale mpata winawake wa mpweya pakati pa pamwamba pa inki ndi chivundikiro cha chidebecho. Mpata uwu wa mpweya - makamaka mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga - umathandiza kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa inki msanga. Kuwonjezera pa kulongedza, kutentha kwa chidebe cha inki ndikofunikiranso kuti chikhale chokhazikika. Kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kusintha kwa inki msanga komanso kulumikizana kwa inki. Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka inki koyambirira kungakhudzenso kukhazikika kwa inki pashelefu. Zowonjezera, makamaka zoyambitsa ndi zoyambitsa kuwala, zitha kufupikitsa nthawi ya inki pashelefu.
19. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kulemba zilembo mu chikombole (IML) ndi kukongoletsa mu chikombole (IMD) n'kotani?Zolemba mkati mwa chikombole ndi zokongoletsera mkati mwa chikombole kwenikweni zimatanthauza chinthu chomwecho, kutanthauza kuti, chizindikiro kapena filimu yokongoletsera (yokonzedwa kale kapena ayi) imayikidwa mu chikombole ndipo pulasitiki yosungunuka imachichirikiza pamene gawolo likupangidwa. Zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wosindikizira, monga gravure, offset, flexographic kapena screen printing. Zolemba izi nthawi zambiri zimasindikizidwa pamwamba pa chinthucho, pomwe mbali yosasindikizidwa imalumikizidwa ndi injection mold. Zokongoletsa mkati mwa chikombole zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zigawo zolimba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasindikizidwa pamwamba pachiwiri pa filimu yowonekera. Zokongoletsa mkati mwa chikombole nthawi zambiri zimasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito screen printer, ndipo mafilimu ndi inki za UV zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kugwirizana ndi injection mold.
20. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chipangizo choyeretsera nayitrogeni chikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsera inki za UV zamitundu yosiyanasiyana?Makina oyeretsera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni poyeretsera zinthu zosindikizidwa akhala akupezeka kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyeretsera nsalu ndi ma switch a nembanemba. Nayitrogeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mpweya chifukwa mpweya umaletsa kuyeretsa inki. Komabe, popeza kuwala kochokera ku mababu m'makina awa ndi kochepa kwambiri, sikugwira ntchito bwino poyeretsera utoto kapena inki zamitundu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-24-2024
